Page 1 ANAESTHESIA PRACTICE Issue 22 SPINAL ANAESTHESIA SPINAL CORD ANATOMY VERTEBRAE Vertebral column is central bony pillar of the body. It is composed of 33 vertebrae; 7 cervical‚ 12 thoracic‚ 5 lumbar‚ 5 sacral and 4 coccygeal. Sacral hiatus is th th formed because of incomplete 5 and sometime 4 sacral laminae. A typical vertebra consists of a rounded body anteriorly and a vertebral arch posteriorly (arch consists of two pedicles and two laminae). The vertebral arch encloses the vertebral
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Why Energy Drinks Are Really Unhealthy: Some Dangers of Drinking Energy Drinks Why Energy Drinks Are Really Unhealthy: Some Dangers of Drinking Energy Drinks A lot of people drink energy drinks now‚ especially young people and teenagers. Adults drink Red Bull and Monsters too explaining it that strong coffee doesn’t help them. Of course‚ people feel good when they drink energy drinks. Energy drinks have become popular among students in preparation for exams‚ office workers
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Eric Sorenson Chem 461 The Progression of Amphetamine Usage Introduction Amphetamine and other related stimulants stimulants such as methylphenidate are common drugs used to combat physical and mental fatigue. Originally developed for their nasal decongestant abilities these stimulants become a major component in child and adolescent medicine. Why have we seen‚ in the last two decades‚ this street drug known as “speed” become increasingly more prevalent in the younger developing generations
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism
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-compound lipids‚ -steroids‚ and -derived lipids. Various experiments are done on lipids. Some tests are for saturation‚ presence of certain compounds‚ or for the different chemical reactions that lipids undergo. Lipids may be composed of esters‚ amides‚ alcohols‚ cyclic‚ acyclic‚ or polycyclic structures‚ and may also be a combination of these. OBJECTIVES General Objective: At the end of the experiment‚ students must be able to familiarize themselves with the different classes of lipids and to
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Preparation u Alcohols when heated in presence of H2SO4‚ H3PO4‚ P2O5‚ Al2O3 or BF3 undergo loss of water molecule with the formation of alkene. Conc. H2SO4 180oC H3PO4/P2O5 200oC Al2O3/BF3 350oC CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O u u Mechanism: In the first step OH group of the alcohol is protonated in a fast reversible reaction. Unlike OH group‚ protonated OH group is a good leaving group. Step 1: CH3 CH3-C-CH3 + H+ HO CH3 CH3-C-CH3 H2O+
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decanoamide)‚ poly(iminohexamethylene-iminosebacoyl)‚ poly[imino-1‚6hexanediylimino(1‚10-dioxo-1‚10-decanediyl)] (CAS Registry No. 9008-66-6) Aliphatic polyamides ÿ‰NH CH2 †6 NHCO IR (characteristic absorption frequencies) C±CO stretch ( or ) CH2 wag Amide V ( ) Amide VI ( ) Ð Kÿ1 Paÿ1 (barÿ1 ) K MPa cm3 gÿ1 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 258C Redissolution‚ 1568C Redissolution‚ 1398C
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Diapause in Silkworm‚ Bombyx mori‚ with special reference to the PATERNAL INFLUENCE: A Review. Rajendra Mundkur*‚ S. R. Katti‚ M. V. Chandrakala‚ Ch. Narasimha Rao ; B. M. Sekharappa. Karnataka State Sericulture Research and Development Institute‚ Thalaghattapura‚ Bangalore-560 062‚ India. Toyama (1906) defined embryonic diapause in silkworm‚ Bombyx mori as ‘a maternally inherited biological event under the control of sex-linked genes’. Sonobe and Odake (1986) have proposed two theories
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DIGESTION Cooking vs. Digestive Processes Cooking Processes: Grilling Microwaving Frying Roasting Barbeque Boiling Steaming Poaching Digestive Processes: Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion Absorption Defecation Salivary Digestion SALIVARY DIGESTION Salivary Glands the salivary glands are a collection of accessory organs surrounding the mouth that secrete a fluid called saliva. Saliva consists of 99.5 % water and 0.5 % solutes. medium for dissolving
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CH3CH2CO2H B CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 C CH3CO2CH3 D CH3CH2COCH2CH3 E CH3CH2CONH2 F H2NCH2CH2CH3 G C6H5CHO A list of seven organic compounds is given above. (a) Which compound is (i) an ester; (ii) an aldehyde; (iii) an alcohol; (iv) an amide (v) an aromatic compound (vi) an acid? (b) Which two compounds are structural isomers? (c) Which compound has chiral center? Mark its chiral center on the structure with an asterisk. 8. Give the IUPAC names for the following compounds:
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