Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction Ionic liquids (ILs) can be viewed as a new and remarkable class of solvent. They are also a type of materials that have a long and useful history‚ where the earliest material that meets the current definition of IL was observed in the mid-19th century when a separate liquid phase called the “red oil” was observed in Friedel-Crafts reaction [17]. Over the following years‚ there has been a rapid growing of interest in ILs due to the realization
Premium Solvent Water
Biuret Test Biuret Test • Biuret Test is a chemical test used to show/detect the presence of peptide bonds‚ which are the basis for the formation of proteins. Explanation In the presence of peptides‚ copper (II) ion forms a violet-colored coordination complexes in an alkaline solution. This test can be used to asses the concentration of protein because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the peptide. According to Beer-Lambert Law‚ the intensity of the color and hence
Premium Amino acid Protein
Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
Premium Amino acid
Hg22+nitrates& nitriles/Hg(NO3)2 in conc. HNO3‚ w/ trace of HNO2/HgSO4‚H2SO4 ‚NaNO2) Hopkins-Cole Test Glyoxylic acid (Mg powder‚ oxalic acid‚ HOAc)‚ conc. H2SO4 Millon’s Test Sakaguchi Test Fohl’s Test Nitroprusside Test Test for Amide Pauly’s Test Alpha-naphthol‚ NaOBr‚ NaOH‚ urea(to stabilize color & destroy excess OBr ions) Pb(CH3COO)2 NaOH Na2Fe(CN)3 in dil. NH3 NaOH Diazo rgt. (1% sulfosalicylic acid with 5% NaNO2)‚ 10% Na2CO3 Reaction/Principle Complexation
Premium Amino acid Protein Ammonia
Figure 6: Imatinib The first imatinib drug synthesis was done by Zimmermann (figure 7) in 1993‚ he used a chain of the reaction to reach to imatinib but the important part is that both guanidinium nitrate 7 and aminopyrimidine 8 are precipitated from the respective reaction mixtures by the addition of Figure 7: imatinib synthesis by Zimmermann insolubilizing solvents‚ so we got a condensation reaction between guanidinium salt 7 with enone “9” to form the aminopyrimidine “8” then “8” is
Premium Protein DNA Amino acid
hydrogen chloride. In fact‚ if handled in open air it gives off white smoke owing to the hydrolysis from the moisture in the air. The "smoke" is actually small droplets of hydrochloric acid formed by hydrolysis. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amides/background.html Hydrolysis Acetic anhydride dissolves in water to approximately 2.6% by weight.[10] Aqueous solutions have limited stability because‚ like most acid anhydrides‚ acetic anhydride hydrolyses to give acetic acid:[11] (CH3CO)2O
Premium Carboxylic acid Functional group Acetic acid
Alanine (ala‚ A) (neutral‚ non-polar) Arginine (arg‚ R) (basic‚ polar) Asparagine (asn‚ N) (neutral‚ polar) Aspartic Acid (asp‚ D) (acidic‚ polar) Cysteine (cys‚ C) (neutral‚ slightly polar) Glutamic Acid (glu‚ E) (acidic‚ polar) Glutamine (gln‚ Q) (neutral‚ polar) Glycine (gly‚ G) (neutral‚ non-polar) Histidine (his‚ H) (basic‚ polar) Isoleucine (ile‚ I) (neutral‚ non-polar) Leucine (leu‚ L) (neutral‚ non-polar) Lysine (lys‚ K) (basic‚ polar) Methionine (met‚
Premium Amino acid
Chemistry 116: General Chemistry Syracuse University Project Advance Spring 2009 Exam #4 Name Date 1. The bombardment of with nuclei gives two products‚ one of which is The other product is ________. A. B. C. D. E. 2. The decay of to occurs through the emission of a(n) ________. A. alpha particle B. beta particle C. neutron D. proton E. positron 3. Radionuclides which have too low of a neutron/proton ratio generally decay through ________
Premium Neutron
usually fall into one of four categories‚ aliphatic and cycloaliphatic amines and polyamine‚ amides and polyamides‚ cycloaliphatic‚ and amine adducts. The curing agent selection plays the major role in determining many of the properties of the final cured epoxy such as drying time‚ penetration‚ wetting ability and pot life. In terms of efficiency‚ amine-curing agents are more durable and chemical resistant than amide curing agents. However‚ they can turn ‘blush’ when exposed to moist conditions. Blushing
Premium Epoxy Plastic Composite material
Experiment 1 Synthesis of Acetaminophen Clifford Tse 20529845 Partner – Raminder Dhanoa TA – Xiao Qi CHEM 123L - 012 February 6‚ 2014 Introduction Acetaminophen‚ also commonly known as Tylenol‚ is an over-the-counter medicine used to relieve pain and reduce fevers. Within this experiment‚ Acetaminophen will be formed through the reaction between p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride. This reaction will incur Acetaminophen as a crude solid being impure‚ which will be purified further through
Premium Aspirin Acetic acid Carboxylic acid