in DNA which decays into nitrogen. [edit]DNA reactive chemicals A DNA adduct (at center) of benzo[a]pyrene‚ the major mutagen in tobacco smoke. A large number of chemicals may interact directly with DNA. However‚ many such as PAHs‚ aromatic amines‚ benzene are not necessarily mutagenic by themselves‚ but through metabolic processes in cells they produce mutagenic compounds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) - These may be superoxide‚ hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide‚ and large number of
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Introduction The purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound
Free Solvent Acetic acid Ethanol
In an industrial hydrodesulphurization unit‚ such as in a refinery‚ the hydrodesulphurization reaction takes place in a fixed-bed reactor at elevated temperatures ranging from 300 to 400 °C and elevated pressures ranging from 30 to 130 atmospheres of absolute pressure‚ typically in the presence of a catalyst consisting of an alumina base impregnated with cobalt and molybdenum (usually called a CoMo catalyst). • Occasionally‚ a combination of nickel and molybdenum (called NiMo) is used‚ in addition
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UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY NAME: Maniwang‚ Ma. Aiza C. DATE: March 21‚ 2011 COURSE: BS Chemistry II APPROVED: ___________ PREPARATION OF AZO DYES ABSTRACT In this experiment‚ the azo dyes p-nitrobenzene azoresorcinol and methyl orange were prepared by the azo coupling reaction. The p-nitrobenzene azoresorcinol dye was prepared from p-nitroaniline and resorcinol. The diazonium salt formed was from the reaction of the cold solution of dissolved p-nitroaniline
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MacromoleculesQuestions: 1. Which functional groups are involved in buiding a covalent bond between these amino acids? Amine and Carboxylic acid = Amide 2. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine‚ which functional group will alanine use for peptide bond? Carboxylic Acid 3. When the covalent bond is built between alanine and glycine‚ which functional group will glycine use for peptide bond? Amine 4. When the covalent bond is built between glycine and alanine‚ which functional group will alanine
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Toxic Threads: The Big Fashion Stitch-Up Toxic ThreadS How big brands are making consumers unwitting accomplices in the toxic water cycle Section X Xxxx Contents executive Summary Section 1: introduction Section 2: Methodology and results Section 3: Fast fashion: more fashion‚ more toxics Section 4: conclusions and recommendations Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Endnotes 31 39 42 46 48 52 3 9 13 acknowledgements: We would like to thank the following people who contributed to the
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20 – 03 – 13 EXPERIMENT: - PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANES AIM Synthesis of polyurethanes OBJECTIVES - Mixing a diisocyanate and a diol in polyurethane synthesis of two distinct products. - Comparing polyurethane from castor oil to that made from polyethylene glycol. - To establish the type of foams in terms rigidity or flexibility. THEORY Polyurethanes‚ also known as polycarbamates‚ belong to a larger class of compounds called polymers. Polymers are macromolecules made up
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Figure 4.3: DSC Thermogram of Chitosan. The thermogram of pure Chitosan shows dehydration at 78.7 ° C and the second thermal event may be related to the decomposition of amine (GlcN) units with correspondent exothermic peak at 295° C. Reported melting point of Chitosan is 101-200 ° C .The heating rate of 10° C/min was used. Also the starting of exothermic peak at 296° C confirms the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan
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Extraction and analysis of two compounds from unknown solution C ABSTRACT Liquid C and solid C were both extracted from unknown solution by first using chemically active liquid-liquid extract‚ followed by vacuum filtration. Liquid C and solid C were then purified with the use of simple distillation and recrystallization respectively. Through the process of recrystallization‚ the percentage purity of solid C was found to be 6.01%. The melting point range of purified solid C was 117.0 – 119
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Procedure The procedure stated in Chem 2120 experiment 6 Williamson Ether Synthesis of Phenacetin laboratory manual was followed without any major changes. Data and results Compound Amount used MW (g/mol) Moles Stoichiometry/Comments acetaminophen 0.354 g 151.16 2.34 x 10-3 limiting reagent ethyl iodide 0.3mL 155.97 3.75 x 10-3 1.6 equiv ’s sodium ethoxide 2.6mL 68.05 3.3 x 10-2 catalyst‚ reaction solvent crude product obtained: phenacetin 0.32g
Free Chemical reaction Base Alcohol