Prof. K. M. Muraleedharan Aromatic electrophilic substitution (Ar-SE) Reactions The special reactivity of aromatic systems towards electrophiles arises mainly from two factors: the presence of π electron density above and below the plane of the ring - making it nucleophilic‚ and the drive to regain the aromatic character by opting for substitution as opposed to a simple addition reaction. Preference towards addition reactions in the case of alkenes and substitution in the case of aromatic compounds
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Catalysts In Chemical Reactions‚ Their Importance In Industry‚ Problems and New Developments OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE SCHOOLS EXAMINATION BOARD. General Certificate Examination - Advanced Level Chemistry (Salters’) - Paper 3 mock. ROBERT TAYLOR U6JW. A Catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a reaction. The catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. The process is called catalysis. In this report I aim going to explain the role of catalysts in chemical reactions and their importance
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Breland Crudup December 9‚ 2012 The Effects of Music on Reaction Time in Human Beings The Effects of Music on Reaction Time in Human Beings When performing many feats of physical skill‚ calculating how fast a person can perform the action has become a custom that has gained prominence in recent years. Observing how long it takes a person to perform an action‚ now known as observing the reaction time‚ has even gained enough importance to the point that it has even used in some scientific investigations
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04.05 Chemical Reactions: Combustion: Lab Worksheet and Rubric Before You Begin: You may either copy and paste this document into a word processing program of your choice or print this page. Procedure: 1. Iron (III) and copper (II) sulfate solution 2. Fill a small test tube halfway with copper (II) sulfate solution. Add a 2.0 gram iron rod to the solution and observe the reaction. 3. 4. 5. Lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions 6. Pour about 2.0 mL of lead (II) nitrate into the test tube
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Ice Calorimeter Determination of Reaction Enthalpy Shannon Wedepohl 9/17/13 Abstract: During this experiment‚ an ice calorimeter was used to measure the change in volume in milliliters of magnesium metal and 1.00 M of sulfuric acid. We found the experimental molar enthalpy of the reaction to be ∆H = -370 ± 1 kJ/mol at 0˚C. This compares with an expected value of -466.9 kJ/mol at 25 ˚C‚ a 20.75% difference. Introduction: Many chemical reactions truly only encompass changes by
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This experiment was a Landolt Iodine clock reaction - Oxidation of Bisulphite by Iodate. It involved conducting three measured experiments. The first variable tested was concencentration. This was tested by conducting two experiments‚ each varying the concentration of either the NaHSO3 or KIO3. The varying of NaHSO3 involved using 0.1 Molar of KIO3 against decreasing concentrations of NaHSO3 (0.25 M‚ 0.125 M‚ 0.0625 M and 0.03125 M). When decreasing the concentration of KIO3‚ 0.25 M of NaHSO3 was
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Title: Relativities of Alkyl Halides in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to perform a comparison of relative reactivities of various alkyl halides with two different reagents‚ sodium iodine in acetone and silver nitrate in ethanol. (Below are the reaction equations). We used different substrates‚ which were primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary. These substrates included 2-bromobutane‚ 2-bromo-2-methylpropane‚ 1-bromobutane ∞-Bromotoluene‚ bromobenzene
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Round-Trip Copper Reactions Lab The purpose of this lab was to evaluate our skills of decanting a supernatant liquid without losing the solid and successful completion of a series of reactions. This was done through five chemical reactions involving copper. In this lab‚ elemental copper was put through five different chemical reactions in order to convert it into different compounds. By the end of the fifth reaction‚ the copper was back to its elemental state. In the first reaction‚ 0.95 g of pure
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8.07 Work File: Oxidation Reduction Reactions 1. What is the difference between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent? The oxidation number (overall charge of the atom) is reduced in reduction and this is accomplished by adding electrons. The electrons‚ being negative‚ reduce the overall oxidation number of the atom receiving the electrons. Oxidation is the reverse process: the oxidation number of an atom is increased during oxidation. This is done by removing electrons. The electrons‚ being
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Size‚ Temperature‚ Concentration‚ and a Catalyst on Reaction Rate Introduction: Chemical reactions can be affected by a number of different factors. Particle size‚ temperature‚ concentration of a solution‚ and catalysts play a big role in the rate of reaction‚ they determine how fast a reaction will occur. According to the collision theory‚ the rate of reaction depends on the frequency of effective collisions between particles. Every reaction is different in that they all require different conditions
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