PRICING METHODOLOGY Pricing methods adopted by an organization determines the values attached to its products. Pricing determinant can be Internal or External. An Internal pricing determinant is one that is controlled by the marketer while the external is not controllable by the marketer. We shall be considering the following types of pricing models: PRICE DISCRIMINATION: Price discrimination is the practice of setting a different price for the same product in different segments to the market.
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Transfer Pricing in Developing Countries An Introduction Topics 1. Abstract 2. International tax law & its sources 3. Brief history of International Tax Law 4. Who gets the pie? 5. Arm ’s length principle : Cornerstone of International Tax Law 6. Transfer pricing methods 7. Problems with of source taxation of MNE ’s 8. Internet & e-commerce : Achilles heel of current International taxation regime? 9. Formulary Apportionment (FA) 10. Existing uses of Formulary Apportionment systems in the world
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Lego Case Study Analysis Pallav Mathur Q 1. What led the LEGO group to the edge of bankruptcy by 2004? By the end of 2003 Lego was already facing crisis owing to dipping profits and declining market pool for toys. Lego had planned to expand into markets beyond building toys and needed huge investment to be made in it. But it found difficult to compete when fad players and other toy manufacturers were giving them stiff competition in a market that already was supposed to be giving lesser returns
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International Pricing-15 What is a Price? * Revenue received by a business in exchange for benefits provided * Customers give-up in exchange for the benefits they receive * Costs include: money‚ time effort‚ opportunities General Factors in Price Determination * True markets (customers have options) price determined by a combo of cust/co. issues including: * Pricing obj. of business‚ business constraints‚ gen pricing strategies‚ customer influences‚ competitive forces
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MANAGING TRANSFER PRICING Sarbanes-Oxley requires a company to establish that it has internal controls to ensure accurate financial reporting and that the auditor attest to the assessment of those controls. An obvious concern for all multinationals after SOX is whether there are effective controls in place to deal with transfer pricing exposure. An increasingly important element of transfer pricing documentation relates to the influence of legislation‚ ethical standards‚ and associated matters
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In this assignment‚ we would like to take an opportunity to send our appreciation to the college due to a proper syllabus and good environment have been provided. Next‚ we would like to thank our Costing and Pricing lecturer‚ Mr.Balan for his generous help. We believe that we cannot create an excellent assignment without his advice and help. At the same time‚ we would like to express our thanks to those who helped us to carry this assignment successfully. Thank you very much
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Lenovo Group Limited is a Chinese multinational computer technology corporation which was founded by eleven scientists in 1984.It develops and manufactures desktops and notebook personal computers‚ workstations‚ servers‚ storage drives‚ IT management software‚ and related services. Since 1996‚ Lenovo occupied 1th of Chinese market sales ‚ and develop rapidly in recent years ‚took 4th place of world`s computer sales. • On November 1‚ 1984‚ Lenovo was established for RMB200‚000 by eleven persons
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Case Write-Up: LEGO Group-An Outsourcing Journey Q1 LEGO’s main expectations and learnings from the relationship with Flextronics LEGO’s main expectation was to optimize its global supply chain by saving cost and reducing production complexity from the cooperation with Flextronics. However‚ the contract between those two lasted for only 3 years. In the end‚ LEGO re-took control of plants in Czech Republic‚ Hungary and opened a new site in Mexico Lessens LEGO received from this unsuccessful
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1. What has led the LEGO group to the edge of bankruptcy? External threats (macro PEST‚ micro Porter’s 5 forces) giant conglomerates dominating industry (risk of being taken over) p.2 competing rising costs while competitors outsource p.2 pressure from big retail customers with power? e.g. Walmart‚ Target p.2 negative industry trends in toy industry p.1 1) fad toys are rising and product life cycles declining. threat of shortening/declining life cycle despite rise of fad toys
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COURSEWORK TITLE: INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY OF THE VODAFONE GROUP PLC Contents page 1. Introduction 2.Company Background 3.Evaluation of the internal and external environment of the company 4.Analyse the motivation of the company for international expansion 5.Analyze the reasons for operating in a particular region or country 6.Evaluate its market entry strategy in a particularly region or a country 7.Conclusion/recommendation 8.Bibliography 9.Appendix 1. Introduction
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