@14325 Deena Shalab@16457 Reem Hani Arab @16185 CASE 4 An Introduction to Debt Policy and Value 1 (Table format and content from case) 0% debt/100% equity 25%debt/75% equity 50%debt/50% equity BV of debt 0 $2‚500 $5‚000 BV of equity $10‚000 $7‚500 $5‚000 MV of debt 0 $2‚500 $5‚000 MV of equity $10‚000 $8‚350 $6‚700 Pretax cost of debt 0.07 0.07 0.07 After-tax cost of debt 0.0462 0.0462 0.0462 Market Weight of Debt 0 0.23 0.43 Market Weight of Equity 1.0 0.77 0.57 Un-levered Beta
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Borrowing Create Value? If so‚ for whom? If not‚ then why do so many executives concern themselves with leverage? It depends; Borrowing creates value if the company borrows at the optimal amount of debt or less. If the company borrows more than the optimal amount of debt‚ then borrowing will destroy value. Borrowing will increase value of the firm through the tax shield that borrowing brings. Thus‚ the increase value of the firm will increase the value of equity and create value to shareholders
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EMBA 8500 #1 Book value of debt Book value of equity Market value of debt Market value of equity Pretax cost of debt After Tax cost of debt rd Market value weights of: Wd Debt We Equity bL Levered beta Rf Risk-free Rate Market Premium RM Ke Cost of equity WACC EBIT - Taxes (34%) EBIAT + Depreciation - Capital expense Change in Net Working Capital Free Cash Flow Value of Assets ( FCF/WACC) CASE # 31 0% Debt 100% Equity $ $ 20‚000 $ $ 20‚000 7.0% 4.62%
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Case 31 Introduction to Debt policy and value | | | | | | 1 | | | | | 0% Dept | 25% Dept | 50% Dept | | 100% Equity | 75% Equity | 50% Equity | | | | | Book value of debt | 0.00 | 2‚500.00 | 5‚000.00 | Book value of equity | 10‚000.00 | 7‚500.00 | 5‚000.00 | Market value of debt | 0.00 | 2‚500.00 | 5‚000.00 | Market value of equity | 10‚000.00 | 8‚350.00 | 6‚700.00 | Pretax cost of debt | 5% | 5% | 5% | After-tax cost of debt | 3.3% | 3.3% | 3.3% |
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Introduction: The case “Debt Policy at UST Inc.” deals with the progressively lowering growth and the company’s board decision to borrow up to $1 billion over five years to accelerate its stock buyback program. The case talks about how the company has seen its commanding market power decline over the years due to price challenge from smaller companies and has been experiencing slow growth rates due to lack of innovation in recent years. The investors had concerns regarding the future of the company
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Debt Policy at UST Inc. 1. What are the primary business risks associated with UST Inc.? What are the attributes of UST Inc.? Evaluate from the viewpoint of a bondholder. (Your answer should be more qualitative than quantitative!) The following factors weave into the risks and attributes of the company from the creditors’ point of view: A. UST had seven pending health related lawsuits at the end of 1998. The outcomes of these suits are uncertain. Despite the major Medicaid state settlements
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Debt Policy at UST Attributes and Risks of UST UST is the market leader in the moist tobacco segment. In a struggling tobacco industry‚ UST has shown consistent growth over the past few decades. Despite the decrease in demand for smoked (cigarette) tobacco‚ there is a growing demand for UST’s products. The perception that smokeless tobacco is healthier than smoked tobacco has helped the company to build a strong customer base. Therefore‚ despite some legislative setbacks‚ the company is growing
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other corporate firms. UST’s dividend per share has increased by 16% CAGR 10 years. UST has maintained the top rating for its commercial paper at A-1‚ while being very cautious with its debt policy. Overall UST can be summed as a very profitable company with a sturdy brand name. It has a high dividend payout policy to shareholders while remaining a very cash generative business. There are number of primary business risks that UST would need to address that are of some concern. They are lack of product
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competing firms and lack of creativity in the introduction of new product‚ a situation UST Inc. is now undergoing. Concerning the declining sales growth and gradual loss of the market share‚ UST Inc. is now considering recapitalizing by issuing debt amounts to $1 billion. By recapitalizing‚ it can create a total $380 million interest tax shield to add up firm value and‚ at the same time‚ make shareholders better off by using the proceeds from the issuance of debt to buyback outstanding shares. Although
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financial leverage. With a dominant market share of 77%‚ the company maintains a pricing power that allows it to institute annual price increases without losing costumers. However‚ UST’s market share was eroded significantly in recent years by price-value competitors who enter the market with lower prices. Although UST responded to these threat by introducing new products‚ market share still decreased by 1.6% over past 7 years. In addition‚ UST is also exposed to an unfavorable legislative environment
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