Ruminant Digestive System By Susan Schoenian sheep101.info |Why are sheep always chewing? | |Sheep belong to the ruminant classification of animals. Ruminants are characterized by their "four" stomachs and "cud-chewing" behavior. The cud is a food bolus | |that has been regurgitated.
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Unit 5 Outcome 2 – Energy Metabolism Booklet The Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of the nose‚ mouth‚ pharynx‚ larynx‚ trachea‚ bronchi and lungs. These provide a passageway to allow air in and out of the body. Every cell in the body requires oxygen to survive. The primary function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases. The respiratory system allows oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange‚ this is necessary to sustain life. During the process of breathing air is inhaled
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Cynthia Vang Derrick 24 Title: Digestion of Starch Problem: Hypothesis: If synthetic saliva breaks down the cracker the most Then more of the cracker should be digested Because synthetic saliva contains amylase‚ and amylase helps break down complex carbohydrates. Interpretation: Data Table: The results of the iodine and Benedict’s tests for the Carbohydrate lab Test Tube contents and number Color of iodine test Color of Benedict’s test How much is present? 0= none 1= present
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enzymes secreted by the pancreas for digestion are lipases for lipid/fat digestion‚ pancreatic amylase for carbohydrate digestion which continues the breakdown of the starch in the bread to a substance called maltose. As the food is further pushed along the small intestine it produces maltase which breaks down the maltose into an even smaller molecule called glucose. Another enzyme called protease - in the form of trypsin and chymotrypsin - are used in the digestion of protein to amino acids. In addition
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CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LARGE INTESTINE AND DETOXICATION • After digestion and absorption in the small intestines‚ the semi liquid residue is passed into the large intestines. • There are no enzymes to act on the residues in the large intestines. • Only a very small amount of viscous‚ slightly alkaline fluid containing large amount of mucin is contributed by the mucosal cells of the colon. • There are normal intestinal microorganisms which disintegrate the organic residues into
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Enzymes All enzymes are globular proteins and round in shape They have the suffix "-ase" Intracellular enzymes are found inside the cell Extracellular enzymes act outside the cell (e.g. digestive enzymes) Enzymes are catalysts → speed up chemical reactions Reduce activation energy required to start a reaction between molecules Substrates (reactants) are converted into products Reaction may not take place in absence of enzymes (each enzyme has a specific catalytic action) Enzymes catalyse
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characteristics Located next to heart Honeycomb appearance Catches metal and hardware Pathways Esophagus Rumen Omasum No enzymes secreted Rumen Characteristics Left side of abdomen Papillae lining Muscular pillars Fermentation vat Primarily anaerobic Some aerobic microbes Not functional at birth Rumen Functions Storage Soaking Physical mixing and breakdown Fermentation Synthesizes some vitamins Synthesizes AA and protein Breaks down fibrous feeds into VFAs Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Acetic
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Digestion and Enzymes – APP. Hypothesis: The enzyme‚ Amylase which is used to break down carbohydrates will work the best when heated at 40°C. Also‚ as the temperature increases the reaction rate of amylase increases too. However‚ the reaction rate of amylase will start decreasing when the temperature reaches the enzyme’s optimal temperature. Many enzymes are specific for a certain substrate. For example‚ lipase is a specific enzyme for fat substrates and protease‚ a specific enzyme for
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bacterial spores. May have to overcome prey defences (e.g. spines‚ prickles‚ noxious chemicals) and therefore might need weapons of attack or immunity to these chemical defences. The food has to be made usable by the consumer by a process of digestion. Material that is indigestible will have to be voided. Foods are usually dead or alive body parts and generally consist of large‚ complex organic molecules that need breaking down to smaller chemically simpler forms. small‚ simple organic and
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combination of organs which have been arranged together to help carry out its particular function of turning food into the energy which is necessary to survive and packaging the excess residue for waste disposal. Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller components. The process of digestion has many stages with the first starting in the oral cavity. Within the system‚ food passes through a tube called the alimentary canal‚ more commonly known as the gastrointestinal tract. The tract is made up
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