proven records of brewing are about 6‚000 years old and refer to the Sumerians. Sumeria lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including Southern Mesopotamia and the ancient cities of Babylon and Ur. It is said that the Sumerians discovered the fermentation process by chance. A seal around 4‚000 years old is a Sumerian "Hymn to Ninkasi"‚ the goddess of brewing. This "hymn" is also a recipe for making beer. No one knows today exactly how this occurred‚ but it could be that a piece of bread or grain
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thioglycollate/aero-tolerance test‚ Methyl Red-Vogues Proskauer‚ SIM test‚ Lysine Decarboxylase test‚ Lactose Fermentation test‚ Simmons Citrate test‚ and TSI test. The Gram staining technique showed that the organism was Gram negative and bacilli shaped. The fluid thioglycollate test showed that the organism was a facultative anaerobe‚ meaning ATP can be produced through aerobic respiration or fermentation. Positive results for the remaining tests included Vogues Proskauer test‚ Lysine Decarboxylase test
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in the cytosol when oxygen is available; h investigate the rate of oxygen uptake during respiration using a simple respirometer; e outline the Krebs cycle; h compare the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen in animals and yeast. All living cells‚ and therefore all living organisms‚ need energy in order to survive. Energy is required for many different purposes. Every living cell‚ for example‚ must be able to move substances across its membranes against their concentration
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research‚ the investigators have found out that fruit peelings from banana and apple can be one of the good sources in producing an ethanol fuel. In connection with this‚ banana peelings and apple peelings can be made into ethanol with the process of fermentation and distillation. The investigation aims to lessen the amount of wastes in the environment and also prevents the pollution in the country. The production of ethanol in this investigation is to relieve the energy crisis that is happening to the
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formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6+ 6O2= 6CO2= 6H2O. The process of respiration contains three main parts‚ glycolysis‚ Krebs cycle‚ and the Electron Transport Chain. The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and is considered an anaerobic process which splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP. The Krebs cycle takes place in the interior space of the mitochondria and gives off carbon dioxide as a waste product when sugars are broken down. The Electron
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CHEMISTRY PROJECT :AIM: TO COMPARE RATE OF FERMENTATION OF GIVEN SAMPLE OF WHEAT FLOUR‚GRAM FLOUR‚RICE FLOUR AND POTATO. SUBMITTED BY :- NAME: Shreyas kelkar CLASS:XII A ROLL NO: 26 INDEX # AIM # CERTIFICATE # ACKNOWLEDGEMENT # DECLARATION # OBJECTIVE # INTRODUCTION # MATERIALS REQUIRED # PROCEDURE # OBSERVATIONS # BIBLIOGRAPHY CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project is submitted by SHREYAS KELKAR to the chemistry department‚ KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 1‚ INDORE was carried out
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example of carbon cycling at local scale is in ruminants where the digestion of cellulose occurs through microbial activity. These cellulolytic microbes hydrolyze cellulose to disaccharide cellobiose and glucose. Glucose then undergoes bacterial fermentation producing volatile fatty acids‚ CO₂ and methane. Many vitamins are synthesized at this point and microbial cells also good protein source. The nitrogen cycle is the main reservoir for nitrogen is
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding about what alcohol is‚ how alcohol is produced‚ the metabolic processes involved with the breakdown of alcohol in the body and the enzymes that catalyze these reactions and how these biochemical reactions affect the liver and brain and the effects of alcohol on the human body. Introduction A good deal of the population consume alcohol‚ some more than others. The effects of alcohol consumption on the human body affects mainly the
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the test‚ purpose‚ reagents and results. All of the following tests were performed on this unknown: 1 Colony Appearance 2 Motility 3 Gram Stain 4 Thyoglycollate aerobic vs. anaerobic 5 Innoculate T soy slant 6 Optimum growth temperature 37o vs. 42o 7 Nitrate test 8 Methyl Red 9 Carbohydrate fermentation 10 Catalase Test 11 Oxidase test
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ATP rather than breaking it down. To make ATP‚ the cell burns glucose and adds new phosphate groups to AMP or ADP‚ creating new power molecules. There are actually two general types of respiration‚ aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen‚ while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen. Both types of cell respiration begin with the process of glycolysis‚ after which the two
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