Chemical Reactions- Sodium Hydroxide A chemical reaction is a change where two or more substances are changed into a new substance. You can identify a chemical reaction by colour change‚ effervescence (bubbles)‚ when light or heat given off‚ and the change is usually irreversible. There are 6 main types of chemical reactions- combustion (often called burning)‚ synthesis‚ decomposition‚ neutralization‚ single replacement and double replacement. A combustion reaction is a reaction with oxygen‚ and
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watered down‚ to complete this task a sample of commercial vinegar was tested twice using titration and an average was taken of the two samples to give a base line to compare the potentially tampered samples against. Introduction Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH)‚ which in turn was previously fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol results in the production of acetic acid (CH3COOH). The typical pH of vinegar ranges anywhere from 2 to 3.5‚ although shop-bought
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AIM:- To investigate how heat is given out in neutralizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using different concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. Background Information:- Substances that neutralize acids are called alkalis. An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+ ) when placed in water. It can also be described as a proton donor as it provides H+ ions. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) etc. An alkali is a soluble base and forms hydroxyl
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materials and soap making Soap making requires two major raw materials: * Fats and oils Fats and oils are esters of fatty acids and glycerol. These are obtained from natural substances which are classified into three: a. Nut oils Cold process soap making is the most suitable for this type of oil which is also characterized by large proportion of fatty acids. Nut oils saponify easily with strong alkali soulution. Example: coconut oil‚ palm kernel oil b. Hard fats Slow-lathering soaps
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solution‚ 1.0 %‚ 1 mL Potassium hydrogen phthalate‚ KHC8H4O4‚ 2 g sodium hydroxide solution‚ NaOH‚ 0.1 M‚ 150 mL Unknown weak acid‚ 1.5g Water‚ distilled or deionized * Equipment: Balance Stir bar Beaker‚ 250mL Oven Buret‚ 50 mL pH sensor Desiccator Rising stand and buret clamp Erlenmeyer flask‚ 125mL Wash bottle with distilled water Funnel Weighing dishes‚ 2 Procedure: Part 1: Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1. Obtain a sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate
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Acid and Base Titrations: Preparing Standardized Solutions Introduction: This experiment focuses on titrations of acids and bases. A titration depends on addition of a known volume of solution and is a type of volumetric analysis. Many titrations involve either acid-base reactions or oxidation-reduction reactions. In this experiment we do one of each. We monitor the pH of the reaction with the use of a color indicator. We also learn about the standardization of bases (NaOH) and acids (HCl) which
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Title: Preparation and Standardization of a Sodium Hydroxide Solution Objective/Purpose: The objective of this experiment will be the standardization of sodium hydroxide using potassium hydrogen phthalate by the titration method. Introduction: The concentration of solutions can be reported in terms of molarity and normality. Molarity is equal to: HCL‚ HBR‚ H2SO4‚ HNO3 M = mol Solute (mol) (Monoprotic) (Diprotic) _______________ V(L)g solutions (L)
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Acid-Base Titration Pre-Lab Discussion In the chemistry laboratory‚ it is sometimes necessary to experimentally determine the concentration of an acid solution or a base solution. A procedure for making this kind of determination is called an acid-base titration. In this procedure‚ a solution of known concentration‚ called the standard solution‚ is used to neutralize a precisely measured volume of the solution of unknown concentration to which one or two drops of an appropriate acid-base
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How much can we know by simply reading the nutrition facts on the back of any packaged foods? Certain nutrition facts are given and in most cases the most important or common‚ such as the amount of sodium‚ amount of protein‚ the total fat‚ and the amount of calories among others. But what guarantees that these nutrition facts given are correct or accurate? It is known that not everything on the nutrition labels may be true. Little do people know that not everything on the nutrition facts is accurate
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Title: ACID BASE TITRATION. Objectives: 1. To determine the concentration of acid using titration. 2. Skills of titration techniques. Apparatus: 1. 250 volumetric flask 2. 10mL measuring cylinder 3. 25mL pipette 4. 50mL burette 5. 250mL beaker 6. 150mL conical flask 7. Retord stand 8. White tile 9. Stopwatch 10. Pipette bulb Chemicals: 1. HCl solution 2. 0.1M NaOH solution 3. H2SO4 solution 4. Distilled water 5. phenolphthalein Introduction
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