THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT • Freud’s Psychosexual Theory – Unconscious motives are repressed – Development is a conflictual process • Sexual and aggressive instincts that must be served‚ yet society dictates restraint THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT • Freud’s Psychosexual Theory – Three Components of Personality • Id: satisfy inborn biological instincts‚ now • Ego: conscious‚ rational‚ finds a realistic means of satisfying instincts • Superego:
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February 27‚ 2013 • Genetics basics • Chromosomes contained in the nucleus • 23 pairs of chromosomes • A gene is a segment of a DNA strip • mRNA forms complementary to the DNA strip • mRNA codes for amino acid sequences • Amino acid sequences form proteins • Mendelian genetics • Allele = portion of a chromosome that is coding for a particular characteristic • Pairs of alleles (one on each chromosome) • Heterozygous vs. homozygous • Complete dominance: the dominant allele dictates the
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INTRODUCTION: Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases‚ and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field‚ a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social‚ behavioral‚ or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior‚ while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes
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Consciousness Awareness of the environment‚ ones own existence‚ sensations‚ thoughts States of Consciousness Distinctive or discrete patterns in the function of consciousness Biological Rhythms Endogenous cycles Bio Rhythms: endogenous rhythms are systematic changes in the brain’s function that are vastly internal brain mechanisms. One of the things that does alter conscious states are actually these bio rhythms. 1. Circadian 24hr. cycle. Sleep‚ temperature 2. Infradian
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Psychology Perspectives An approach is a perspective/view that involves certain assumptions like beliefs‚ about human behaviour‚ the way they function‚ which aspects of them are worthy of study and what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this study. Each perspective has its strengths and weaknesses‚ and brings something different to our understanding of human behaviour. For this reasons‚ it is important that psychology does have different perspectives to the understanding and study
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Vocabulary Psychology- the science of the mind or of mental states and processes Structuralism- a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals Gestalt Psychology- a theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurationally properties Functionalism- a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process is useful to an organism in adapting to the environment Psychoanalytic perspective- is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician
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response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement) • reinforcer: in operant conditioning‚ any event that strengthens the behavior it follows • positive reinforcement: increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli‚ such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that‚ when presented after a response‚ strengthens the response • negative reinforcement: increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli‚ such as shock. A negative
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BEHAVIORISM IN PSYCHOLOGY Behaviorism in Psychology University of Phoenix History and Systems in Psychology Psych 310 May Zetina August 10‚ 2009 Behaviorism in Psychology Psychology is science of human actions and mental processes‚ using a vast amount of quality thorough research to discover and test out new hypothesis‚ and bring about new descriptions and theories which explain human behavior and thoughts etc. Although many know the definition of psychology most don’t
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The nature of memory: STM‚ LTM and Duration Duration of STM One of the key differences between the concepts of STM and LTM is duration. “Duration” refers to how long a memory lasts before it is no longer available. Short term memories don’t last very long. An example of STM in action would be trying to remember a seven-digit phone number that you have just been given. This is maintained in the short-term memory by REPETITION until the number is dialled‚ and then fades once the conversation
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IQ and attachment; you do not need to worry about height). What two factors are known to contribute to infants’ expression of positive emotion? What is the still-face paradigm? *Be able to describe the general procedure‚ results‚ and conclusions of the Nadel et al. study demonstrating the importance of contingent interaction in evoking and regulating infants’ positive emotions. What do interactions look like in the still-face paradigm when depressed mothers are studied? What does typical still-face
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