Work Psychology Understanding human behaviour in the workplace SECOND EDITION John Arnold Cary L. Cooper Ivan T. Robertson CHAPTER 3 Work psychology: its origins‚ subjectmatter and research techniques OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter‚ you should be able to: ~ Describe important features of the history of work psychology. ~ Specify the topics covered by work psychologists. ~ Describe the main elements of a psychological theory‚ and explain the links between those elements
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DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – Bandura et al.: Background Behaviourism Some developmental psychologists are particularly interested in how human beings (and other animals) learn things. Obviously‚ we learn from experience and one of the first psychologists to study this was John B Watson‚ over a hundred years ago. Watson founded a branch of psychology called Behaviourism. As the name suggests‚ Behaviourist psychologists look at behaviour and tend to ignore cognitions and other “invisible” processes
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Memory In psychology‚ memory is an organism’s ability to store‚ retain‚ and recall information and experiences. Traditional studies of memory began in the fields of philosophy‚ including techniques of artificially enhancing memory. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century‚ scientists have put memory within the example of cognitive psychology. In recent decades‚ it has become one of the principal pillars of a branch of science called cognitive neuroscience‚ an interdisciplinary link
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Clinical Psychology Gabriela Alvarez Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is one of the most prominent specialty areas in psychology today. Clinical psychology focuses and strives to understand‚ assess and treat psychological and behavioral problems and disorders (Plante‚ 2010). According to Bedi (2012)‚ “Clinical psychology is a broad approach to human problems . . . with regard to numerous populations.” Furthermore‚ analyzing the methods in which the human psyche interacts with
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What is child psychology? Child psychology is the study of all aspects of development in childhood. It studies what affects that development and what the impact of childhood experiences might be on an individual’s cognitive‚ social and emotional development and how it may affect them later in their life. This approach to psychology looks at infancy‚ childhood and adolescence‚ but is particularly interested in the earlier years of infancy‚ as the main focus of child psychology is looking at early
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HISTORY OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY ROOTS OF RESEARCH & ASSESSMENT IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY The evolution of the field of clinical psychology after Lightner Witmer can be best understood through an examination of how clinical psychologists came to be involved in each of four different activities: Research‚ Assessment‚ Treatment‚ and Prevention. Clinical psychologists became involved in these endeavors at different points during the twentieth century and for very different
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Overview and Reflection of Learning: Somatic Psychology Have you ever heard the expression: “its all in your head?” This expression exemplifies the common perception of the mind and body as two distinct entities; in actuality‚ they are both integral parts of our being which mutually impact one another. There is a wealth of evidence of the reciprocal impacts if the mind and body‚ yet we continue conceptualizing them as disparate entities (see Aposhyan‚ 2004. Hartley‚ 2004 & Staunton‚ 2002.).
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The History of Philippine Psychology The psychology of‚ about‚ and for the Filipinos was born out of the need to establish a discipline which is responsive to the needs of the Filipino people. [pic] Generally‚ to some extent‚ it had been considered a given until a few years ago that when one talked about psychology‚ one meant the psychology of Americans. Asian psychology had been unrecognized‚ or at least‚ unacknowledged worldwide. The Zeitgeist in Asian Psychology Through the years‚ however
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Is psychology a science? Psychology being categorised under the name science‚ can often lead to disputes within the field of sciences. Psychology is the observation of behaviour and thought process of the human mind‚ within itself it is a vital source of knowledge‚ such as how biology‚ chemistry and physics provides a source of knowledge that is vital to humans and the environment. Science can be seen as the study of natural behaviours and physical aspects of the world‚ this definition within itself
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Studying Life-Span Development Characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective Some Contemporary Concerns THE NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT Biological‚ Cognitive‚ and Socioemotional Processes Periods of Development The Significance of Age Developmental Issues THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT Psychoanalytic Theories Cognitive Theories Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories Ethological Theory Ecological Theory An Eclectic Theoretical Orientation RESEARCH IN LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT Methods for Collecting Data
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