1. The Concept of Motivation Each concept or idea has its own history determined by the general evolution of human thought. For many years‚ the understanding of the term and the research on motivation were dominated by the so-called drive reduction theories. Psychologists identified a large number of human needs (both biological and psychological ones)‚ all of them causing inner tensions‚ which had to be released in one way or another. In 1964‚ Atkinson (quoted in Williams and Burden‚ 1997: 113)
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Abraham Maslow proposed on of the most influential ideas ever to come out of psychology. This idea says‚ "that different motives have different priorities‚ based on a hierarchy of needs." But what about the artist who‚ in the flow state‚ disregards the need for food or warmth‚ sometimes for days at a time? And what about those "instincts" that drive animal migrations and‚ perhaps‚ some human behaviors‚ such as nursing in newborn infants? There are a few things wrong with Abraham Maslow’s theory. What
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Look The Same? Examining the Impact of Culture on Employee Motivation by Justine Di Cesare and Golnaz Sadri Introduction Motivation is fundamental to human behaviour. Bartol and Martin (1998) define motivation as the force that energises behaviour‚ gives direction to behaviour‚ and underlies the tendency to persist. Similarly‚ Greenberg and Baron (1997) define motivation as “the set of processes that arouse‚ direct‚ and maintain human behaviour toward attaining some goal”. There are three key
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The motivation theory that relates to me the most is "Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs". This theory states that humans have needs that are hierarchically ranked in order of importance. I am actually quite familiar with this theory after taking two AP courses on Psychology. I believe that this motivation theory is the one that everyone can relate to. It is absolutely true that all humans require the fulfillment of their physiological needs. Water‚ air‚ and food are indeed the most vital things in this
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paper‚ I will briefly describe‚ and compare and contrast two theories discussed in the book‚ A First Look at the Communication Theory by Em Griffin: Uncertainty Reduction Theory and the Expectancy Violations Theory. Furthermore‚ I will also include real-life situations that apply to these theories. Expectancy Violations Theory has its roots in Uncertainty Reduction research‚ therefore‚ there will be some similarities between these two theories. But before I compare the similarities‚ I will discuss the
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Motivation As an Important Aspect of Human Resource Management Motivation is a vital aspect in functioning of every organization. It refers to the forces that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action for accomplishing organizational goals. Nowadays‚ there are numerous motivation theories that human resource managers use in order to encourage high work performance. Generally‚ there are two types of rewards in motivation. The first is intrinsic rewards‚ which
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Motivation is the driving force that causes the flux from desire to will in life. For example: a flower with no water still desires for water to sustain life; however‚ due to its incapability to move and get water‚ the flower cannot will for water‚ hence‚ suffering from a break in the driving force of motivation; it is not to say‚ however‚ that‚ necessarily‚ the flower lacks the driving force; therefore‚ all life can said to have‚ at its very minimal‚ the igniting spark of motivation. It can be considered
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The Idea of Mill ’s ethical theory is his Greatest Happiness Principle in that “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness and they are wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. Happiness is the intended pleasure and the absence of pain. Unhappiness is the pain and the lack of pleasure. Pleasure and freedom from pain are the only desirable things.” Mill ’s view of happiness is hedonistic‚ which suggests that the only good thing in a person is pleasure and the
Free Utilitarianism Ethics Jeremy Bentham
Introduction An issue which usually generates a great deal of attention from most managers‚ administrators and those involved in Human Resources Management is the issue of how to successfully motivate employee. While it is true that aspects like staff recruitment‚ controlling‚ managing‚ leading‚ and many more are of great importance to the success of an organization‚ Employee Motivation is generally considered a core element in running a successful business. Either negatively or positively‚ your life on
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According to Lockley (2012) offering training and development programs that effectively contributes to personal and professional growth of individuals is another effective employee motivation strategy. At the same time‚ Lockley (2012) warns that in order for motivational aspects of training and development initiatives to be increased‚ ideally they need to be devised and implemented by a third party with relevant competency and experience. Alternative working patterns such as job-rotating‚ job-sharing
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