Gender Testing In Sports and Women Imagine (that)you’re a female professional runner and tomorrow was(is)your big race. You’re pumped and ready; but all of a sudden you get a phone call telling you (that) your gender has been questioned so you may not compete in the competition. Imagine‚ everything in your entire life that you’ve trained and prepared for was just taken from you because of the suspicion that you are not a woman. Women all over the world have received this very call that have stripped
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the most influential ones is known as the neurohormonal theory. The neurohormonal theory looks at the prenatal androgen levels‚ with heterosexual men on the higher end‚ heterosexual women on the lower end‚ and homosexual men and women at intermediate levels (Ellis‚ Ames 1987: 248). With all the studies that have been conducted‚ it seems that the role of the prenatal sex hormones androgen may give us the different types of sexual orientations. Biological factors seem to outweigh environmental
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external genitals. Androgen-insensitivity syndrome is a form of intersexualism in which a genetic male is prenatally insensitive to androgens such that his genitals are not normally masculinized. Dominican Republic Syndrome is a form intersexualism in which a genetic enzyme disorder prevents testosterone from masculinizing the external genitalia. CAH is caused by exposure to androgens which are produced naturally through adrenal or mothers may have received synthetic androgens to prevent miscarriage
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Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have abnormalities in the metabolism of androgens and estrogen and in the control of androgen production. High serum concentrations of androgenic hormones‚ such as testosterone‚ androstenedione‚ and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)‚ may be encountered in these patients. However‚ individual variation is considerable‚ and a particular patient might have normal androgen levels. PCOS is also associated with peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
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menstrual disturbances‚ elevations of the male androgen hormone‚ delay of normal menstruation‚ absence of the menstruation cycle for more than three months. All of these symptoms are related to the absence of ovulation. Other symptoms such as‚ weight gain‚ insulin resistance‚ oily skin‚ dandruff‚ skin discoloration‚ high cholesterol levels‚ elevated blood pressures may be present in patients who were diagnosed with PCOS. Due to the high levels of androgen hormone‚ such as testosterone‚ DHEA’s and androstenedione
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FSH levels. Alicia has hirsutism as insulin producing cells are overactive and create too much insulin. This increase in insulin causes her ovaries to produce too much testosterone. Elevated LH also stimulates overproduction of androgens. The increase in the excess androgens‚ including testosterone‚ causes Alicia to exhibit male pattern hair growth. In an ultrasound of Alicia’s ovaries‚ you would
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DHT (via. 5-alpha-reductase) - many effects of T are mediated via estradiol (esp in bone and brain) or DHT (secondary sexual characteristics o DHT is converted locally‚ so will not see high systemic levels ▪ has a higher affinity for androgen receptor‚ much more potent o T ( estradiol important for neg. feedback (esp at hypothalamus) and epiphyseal closure - LH from ant.pituitary acts at Leydig cells to stimulate synthesis and secretion of T (which will just diffuse out since
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three decades‚ the number of homosexuals has dramatically increased and such trait has increasingly grown to be mainstream and open. Several studies suggest alterations association prenatal exposure to androgens or estrogens. One study reports that some women are exposed to high levels of androgens during development (adolescence) because of development with other endocrine disorder is to self-report a bisexual or homosexual orientation‚ (Money et al.‚ 1984) The current debate is whether or not
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Socialisation can potentially explain all of the gender/sex differences related to children’s play. Critically evaluate this statement. In the eyes of most psychologists‚ there is little doubt that children’s play differs in accordance to their gender. This difference is noted in three main ways: toy choice‚ sex of play partner and social play (Hines‚ 2004). Boys appear to prefer toys like weapons and vehicles whereas girls choose cooking toys and dolls (Berenbaum and Hines‚ 1992). In play choice
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chromosome in males starts to promote the production of testosterone and other androgens (male sex hormones). These androgens cause the male to develop testes and a penis instead of ovaries and a uterus. The androgens also cause the male brain to develop differently from the female. A biopsychologist would argue that it is these differences in brain development‚ and the differences in brain activity caused by the secretion of androgens in adulthood‚ that cause men to behave differently from women (e.g. acting
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