population afflicted. (Palomba et al.‚ 2015). While many that have been diagnosed with PCOS have ovarian cyst‚ it is not the symptom required for diagnoses. To be diagnosed with PCOS one must be afflicted with at least two of three main symptoms‚ high androgen levels‚ lack of ovulation leading to absence or irregular menstrual cycles‚ and/or at least 12 or more ovarian cyst. (Tehrani 2015) Those with PCOS are at a higher risk of endometrial cancer‚ cardiovascular issues‚
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with a prominent mother and father in their childhood. A biological explanation states that gender dysphoria is caused by abnormal prenatal exposure to androgens (male hormones). Some genetic conditions can cause discrepancy between hormones and genetic sex (e.g. Cognitive Adrenal Hyperplasia) occurs when genetic females have high levels of androgens which cause them to develop a small penis. The outcome of this may be gender dysphoria as individuals suffer confusion about their gender
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OH PROG is also formed from OH PREG by 3β-HSD . PREG‚ OH PREG‚ PROG and OH PROG represent the progestagens containing 21 carbons. Depending on the reaction order the steroidogenesis splits into two pathways‚ which both converge in production of androgens; the Δ5–hydroxysteroid- and Δ4–hydroxysteroid pathway. In humans the Δ5–hydroxysteroid pathway using PREG as substrate for OH PREG and DHEA is preferred . 3β-HSD is the enzyme
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This type of therapy can be used to control androgen levels and reduce the signs of hyperandrogenism as well as to control menstrual cycles which will also help to diminish the risk of heavy and irregular menstrual bleeding related to the loss of normal estrogen and progesterone levels in the body. Treatment of acne and hirsutism can be successfully done with anti-androgens such as spironolactone‚ finasteride‚ and flutamide. Spironolactone and flutamide
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this situation as Jane has. Genetic mutation in some levels cause receptors fail to recognize androgens-steroid hormones‚ such as testosterone- and primary male sex characteristics fail to occur and CAIS individual’s body behave like there is no testosterone‚ much more similar to situation in female. And due that‚ Jane does not have male external genitalia‚ has female genitalia since there is no androgen signal and does not
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aggressive form is yet to be determined especially regarding what specific molecular mechanisms cause the cancer to turn severe (Yu et al. 2790). Prostate cancer grows through different stages such as the perinvasive period‚ the invasive stage and lastly androgen-independent or dependent stage leading to metastasis (Welsh et al. 5974) throughout the body. Furthermore‚ to fully understand the how and why behind prostate cancer is to efficiently study the gene expression and the biomarkers that are present
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This developmental disorder is caused by too much of the hormone androgen during developmental stages of a fetus. Girls who possess these qualities were the subject of a 2003 study in which a Swedish investigator studied 26 girls with CAH and 26 girls without who were between the ages of 2 and 10-years-old and found that
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The androgen receptor on prostate cancer cells is a nuclear receptor that is essential for cell growth and survival. As well‚ AR signalling contributes to metastasis by facilitating EMT. Advanced prostate cancers are initially treated with hormone deprivation therapies to curb prostate cancer progression‚ however the efficacy is limited to 2-3 years before cancer progresses to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In CRPC‚ the androgen receptor signalling pathway has
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Developmental psychology deals with the lifelong process of change and it is the study of how and why people change over time in the way they behave‚ think and relate to others. More specifically‚ identity development‚ such as the formation of gender roles‚ is influenced by biological‚ cognitive‚ and social factors to a great extent‚ since it is impossible and unfitting to attribute one such factor to the development these roles society has deemed. There has long been controversy about the relative
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unknown. However‚ medically the cause is believed to be genetical and hormonal problems. A few polycystic ovarian women will be less sensitive to Insulin and this condition is called Insulin resistance. It stimulates ovaries to produce male hormones “Androgen”
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