One study has found that hyperglycemia induced activation of RAAS that increased mean arterial pressure‚ renal vascular resistance and vasomotor tone [29]. Losartan‚ an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor 1‚ decreased greater blood pressure in hyperglycemic than in euglycemic conditions [30]. Large randomized controlled trials including RALES‚ EPHESUS‚ and EMPHASIS have demonstrated that inhibition of aldosterone role through blocking
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Methodist College N313 Pathopharmacology Exam IV Study Guide – Spring 2013 1. Understand how to properly administer these drugs (what should you educate your patient on?): a. Nasal corticosteroid i. Decrease inflammation ii. Vanceril- Inhaler. Decreases production of prostaglandins b. Antitussives iii. Depresses cough center. iv. Broncho-restricts v. Opiate or Non-opiate (DM) c. Theophylline (Theo-dur)
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Efferent vasoconstriction: blood flow increase ‚ blood pressure increase and GFR increase. The role of renin is to cut angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 and it’s secreted when there is sense of low blood pressure. Everything that are reabsorbed back into the blood has tubular maximum and you exceed the T max ‚ the exceed remind in the urine. The major hormones that regulates potassium secretion
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diuretic effect (within 30 minutes). This effect leads to a decrease in ventricular filling pressures and improvement in symptoms in most patients with ADHF. 2. Enalapril (Vasotec) – Enalapril is a ACE inhibitor that inhibits a chemical called angiotensin converting enzyme. This widens your blood vessels and helps to reduce the amount of water put back into your blood by your kidneys. These actions help to decrease blood pressure. In Mrs. J’s case‚ there may be too much circulating fluid in her blood
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Excretory system Excretion is the removal of waste products of metabolism from our body system. Contents • 1 Excretory functions • 2 Component organs o 2.1 Lungs o 2.2 Kidneys o 2.3 Ureter o 2.4 Urinary bladder o 2.5 Urethra o 3 Urine formation4 Reasons For Excretion The excretory system removes metabolic and liquid toxic wastes as well as excess water from the organism‚ in the form of urine‚sweat‚urea or bile. This is important so as to help maintain balance within the organism
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Zi Lin January 25‚ 2014 2B Cardiovascular Diseases The heart is an essential organ in the cardiovascular system responsible for pumping oxygen and nutrition filled blood to all parts of the human body. It is composed of four chambers; two upper chambers called the right and left atrium‚ and two lower chambers called the right and left ventricle. A structure called the septum is what divides the heart into right and left halves. Four heart valves keep the flow of blood in one direction. At rest‚ the
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Investigation of the influence of the endothelium on the actions of acetylcholine and nitroprusside. Results (a) Estimate the maximum responses (Emax) and EC50 values for phenylephrine with the two types of arterial ring. Put this data in a single‚ self-explanatory table. Table1. Emax and EC50 values for phenylephrine. Phenylephrine | Emax in grams tension | EC50 in nM | Endothelium intact | 2.2 | 40 | Endothelium denuded | 2.9 | 10 | (c)
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Pharmacology – NUR09100 PHARMACODYNAMICS Learning outcomes • Describe: o the structure of neurones‚ o conduction of the action potential o synaptic transmission o the principal effects of stimulation of the: sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system • Explain and give examples of the following types of drug action: o Receptors (agonists‚ antagonists and partial agonists) o Enzyme inhibition o Membrane transport systems • Apply your knowledge to explain action and
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This is an example of the final exam paper for PHY3171. It is very similar in format to the real paper for 2009. Some questions are from past papers‚ some are on this years and some I’ll use in the future. ________________________________________________________________________ SECTION ONE: LONG ANSWER QUESTION (Suggested time: 60 minutes) Answer the following TWO (2) questions (questions 1 and 2). Answer each question in a SEPARATE answer booklet. ***************************************************************************************
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compounds pass from the tubular system into the collecting ducts to form urine. [10] Other functions of the kidney include acid-base regulation and secretion of hormones. The kidney plays a crucial part in water balance‚ and a key role in the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS). It detects hypovolemia in blood perfusing the kidneys and releases the hormone renin and starts a cascade of hormones which overall regulates plasma sodium concentration and arterial blood
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