ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS: 3 OVERVIEW: 3 HYPERTENSION: 3 CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE: 4 REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE: 5 SITES AND EFFECTS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS: 6 DIURETICS: 6 CENTRALLY ACTING DRUGS: 10 ANGIOTENSIN INHIBITORS: 11 SPECIFIC DRUGS: 14 ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS BLOCKERS: 14 DIRECT RENIN INHIBITOR: 15 VASODILATORS: 15 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS: 15 OTHER VASODILATORS: 16 ANTI ANGINAL DRUGS: 16 MECHANISM AND EFFECTS OF ANTIANGINAL DRUGS: 17 TYPICAL ANGINA: 18
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Regulation of Blood Pressure and Blood Volume One way the body regulates blood pressure and blood volume is through the body’s use of baroreceptors‚ a mechanoreceptor of the nervous system. If there were low arterial blood pressure‚ the baroreceptors in one’s blood vessels could detect this. One’s baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid sinus of the cardiac system are constantly monitoring blood pressure. They send messages containing any changes through the central nervous system to the medulla oblongata
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Boehmer’s history of hypertension‚ smoking‚ and coronary artery disease causes myocardial workload to increase‚ contribute to inflammation‚ and neurohumoral changes. At the same time‚ it activates the sympathetic nervous systems (SNS) as well as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)‚ which can lead to ventricular remodeling. The myocardium dilates as the result of myocardial extracellular structure disruptions due to the remodeling. Over time‚ the dilation of the ventricle causes contractility reduction
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glands and kidneys. Angiotensinogen requires conrol. Renin is increased if blood pressure is decreased‚ sensed by the kidneys. More renin increase means an increase in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. This has to be then converted to angiotensin II by an enzyme which limits angiotensin metabolism. • Thibodeau‚ A‚ Anthony‚ P‚ 1987‚ Anatomy and Physiology‚ 12th edn‚ Time Mirror/Mosby‚ Toronto. 4. Subdural Haemorrhage: A subdural haemorrhage is a type of hematoma which is associated
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o The urinary system plays a role in maintaining normal blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin. One of the important functions of the kidneys is to regulate blood pressure. Healthy kidneys make hormones such as renin and angiotensin. These hormones regulate how much sodium (salt) and fluid the body keeps‚ and how well the blood vessels can expand and contract. This‚ in turn‚ helps control blood pressure. They do this by regulating: • The amount of water in the body. If
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products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine)‚ Ureters (transport urine to bladder)‚ Bladder (stores urine)‚ Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter *GRF= 125ml/min & increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone & water absorption
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PRESENTATION BY: GIZELLE WILKINSON SUBJECT: ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION STUDENT NUMBER: M00037713 CLINICAL SCIENCES II INTRODUCTION Essential hypertension‚ otherwise known as primary or idiopathic hypertension‚ is a condition of raised blood pressure with no identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension occurs when blood pressure elevation results from a specific and potentially treatable cause. These include renal diseases‚ endocrine causes‚ congenital cardiovascular causes
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Case Study 1 40-year-old woman * Desyrel 300 mg bid * Klonopin 2 mg bid * Aricept 10 mg qd * Zoloft 100 mg qd * Synthroid 0.25 mg qd * Detrol XL 4 mg qd * Norpace 150 mg bid * Inderal 80 mg bid * Bumex 2 mg qd * Aldactone 100 mg qd * Avapro 300 mg qd * Prinivil 40 mg qd * Glucophage 850 mg bid DESYREL (1) 300 mg bid The active pharmaceutical ingredient in it is trazadone‚ an oral drug available as a regular/extended release tablet to be taken twice daily. STRUCTURE MECHANISM OF ACTION It is
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dilute urine. Renin-Angiotesin-Aldosterone System Stimulus for their release = if blood pressure drops dramatically this will trigger renin secretion from the JG cells‚ renin acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I‚ angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II therefore angiotensin II causes mean arterial pressure to rise and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. As a result‚ both systemic and glomerular hydrostatic pressure rises. Actions (decrease/increase GFR) = the efferent
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located in the vicinity of the afferent arteriole‚ which supplies blood to the glomerulus -When blood pressure or blood volume in the afferent arteriole drops‚ the enzyme rennin causes chemical reactions that create a peptide called angiotensin II -Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and blood volume by
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