TUTORIAL 5 HEART FAILURE Pathophysiology B. Left-sided HF SOB A. Right-sided HF Orthopnea Edema in the feet‚ ankles‚ legs‚ liver‚ & abdomen. If the amount of fluid is fluid accumulates in the abdomen. Fluid accumulation in the liver or stomach nausea & loss of appetite. Eventually‚ food is not absorbed well loss of weight & muscle. This condition is called Cardiac Cachexia Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Tiredness & weakness A sudden accumulation of a high amount
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Smoking/tobacco use‚ Obesity 2. Explain the cause of the compensations for chronic heart failure. Insufficient cardiac output causes compensatory mechanisms work to improve cardiac output. They include‚ sympathetic nervous system stimulation‚ Renin=angiotensin system activation‚ other chemical responses‚ and myocardial hypertrophy. 3. Describe the manifestations and effects of right-sided and left-sided heart failure. Left Side: Decreased cardiac output-Fatigue‚ weakness‚ Oliguria during the day and
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significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triacyglycerol levels as well as peri-renal adipocytes size and renal fibrosis. Renal nuclear factor-kappa B immunoreactivity‚ tumor necrosis factor-alpha content as well as interleukin-10‚ adiponectin receptor 1 and macrophages (M1‚ M2) polarization markers (CD11c‚ CD206) mRNA expressions were also down-regulated in ischemic kidney tissues and white adipose tissues around them by all treatments. Moreover‚ all drugs and the combinations significantly suppressed
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Capella University BIO1000 – Human Biology U01A1-Homeostasis-An Analogy January 12‚ 2012 Part 1 - Regulates your body temperature when you are outside on a cold winter day. When it is cold outside and the temperature drops‚ your body thermo receptors detect the drop and send signals to the hypothalamus. Neurons also send signals to smooth the walls of the blood vessels to make them contract‚ which creates a narrowing in the blood vessel also known as “vasoconstriction”. What vasoconstriction
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Arterial blood pressure is "normal" when the systolic pressure is 90-119 mmHg and the diastolic pressure is 60-79 mmHg. When the arterial pressure is ≥120/80 mmHg‚ a person is considering being hypertensive [1-3]. According to U.S. national guidelines (JNC 7 Report and JNC 8 Report)‚ the following represents different stages of hypertension: Classification Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Normal <120 <80 Prehypertension 120-139 80-89 Stage 1 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 >160 >100 Treatment of Hypertension
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Jermel Chaney 11/15/2012 Mod E Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis is some type of kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluids from the blood is damaged. Its caused by the problems with body’s immune system. Often‚ the exact cause of glomerulonephritis is unknown. Damage to the glomeruli cause blood and protein to be lost in the urine condition may develop quickly and kidney function is lost within weeks or months. A quarter of people with chronic
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The Endocrine System The endocrine system regulates the functioning of every cell‚ tissue‚ and organ in the body. It acts to maintain a stable internal body environment‚ regardless of changes occurring within or outside of the body. Endocrine cells have the ability to sense and respond to changes via the excretion of specific chemicals known as hormones. The endocrine system is one of the body’s two major communication systems‚ the nervous system being the other. Communication within the nervous
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE (HYPONATREMIA AND HYPERNATREMIA) AND SODIUM BALANCE (HYPOVOLEMIA AND EDEMA) Literature review current through: Sep 2013. | This topic last updated: ene 15‚ 2013. 1. INTRODUCTION — The plasma sodium concentration is regulated by changes in water intake and excretion‚ not by changes in sodium balance. hyponatremia is primarily due to the intake of water that cannot be excreted hypernatremia is primarily due to the loss of water that has not
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Human homeostasis From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Human homeostasis is derived from the Greek‚ homeo or "constant"[dubious – discuss]‚ and stasis or "stable" and means remaining stable or remaining the same.[1] Homeostasis — also spelled homoeostasis or homœostasis (from Greek: ὅμοιος‚ "hómoios"‚ "similar"‚[1] and στάσις‚ stásis‚ "standing still"[2]) — is the property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant. Examples
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involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Crucially‚ DN is not clinically detectable until significant kidney damage has developed‚ highlighting the need to identify early-stage biomarkers. Current therapies for DN target renin-angiotensin‚ complement and coagulation
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