aortic arch and carotid sinuses (Marieb 1998). The result of the nervous system being stimulated is the release of catecholamines‚ noradrenaline and adrenaline (Chavez and Brewer 2002). An effect of adrenaline release is it stimulates the beta receptors in the heart increasing myocardial
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ADH – decrease RBF and GFR by constriction • NO – dilates & increases RBF • Endothelin‚ adenosine & ATP – constricts and decreases RBF - via stretch of vessels • Angiotensin II – constricts afferent & efferent* (at HIGH doses) – ? GFR II. Electrolyte-Water Balance and Regulation • Neurohumoral Regulation – Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone System (RAAS) – ADH (Anti-Diueretic Hormone) aka Vasopressin – ANP Na Handling and ECF Na+ Reabsorption in PCT Germann and Stanfield Fig 20.13
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Anatomy Finals’ Notes Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics Arteries‚ Capillaries and Veins arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries --> venules --> veins Arteries = away from heart Veins = toward heart Only capillaries directly serve cells Tunica Intima = inside of blood vessel. Single layer of cells similar to the lining of the heart Tunica Media = middle layer. Smooth muscle...regulates diameter of vessels Tunica Adventitia (externa) = outer layer. Collagen
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Medical Problem: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Patient: Megan Crozier 1. Define the health issue (the impact on the body) Hypertension is sustained elevation of resting systolic BP (≥ 140 mm Hg)‚ diastolic BP (≥ 90 mm Hg)‚ or both. High blood pressure is a common condition in which the force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems‚ such as heart disease. Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the
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Acute Coronary Syndrome Acute coronary syndrome is a term used for any condition brought on by sudden‚ reduced blood flow to the heart. Acute coronary syndrome symptoms may include the type of chest pressure that you feel during a heart attack‚ or pressure in your chest while you’re at rest or doing light physical activity. Acute coronary syndrome is treatable if diagnosed quickly. Acute coronary syndrome treatments vary‚ depending on your signs‚ symptoms and overall health condition. Acute coronary
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Chapter 39 Diuretics Open-Book Quiz‚ Chapter 39 1. Three uses of diuretics include treatment of hypertension‚ mobilization of edematous fluid‚ and used to prevent renal failure. 2. Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex; it stimulates reabsorption of sodium from the distal cortex. 3. Most diuretics share the same basic mechanism of action: they block sodium and chloride reabsorption. The greatest diuresis is produced by those drugs whose site of action
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Excretion • Removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body Nitrogenous wastes • Ammonia o Most toxic o Needs more water for getting excreted o Diffuses across general body surfaces o Examples of organisms excreting ammonia: fishes‚ aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects o Such organisms are called ammonotelic. • Urea o Less toxic o Requires less water for excretion o Terrestrial adaptation for conservation of water o Ammonia Urea o Examples of organisms excreting urea: terrestrial amphibians
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Final Study Guide-PSIO 36 questions Unit 1 1. Vena cava--right atrium--tricuspid valve--right ventricle--pulmonary valve--pulmonary artery--pulmonary vein--left atrium--bicuspid valve--left ventricle--aortic valve--aorta 2. SA node--AV node--AV bundle--right and left bundle branches--conducting myofibers (purkinje fibers) a. pacemaker cells in SA node spontaneously discharge action potentials at a rate of 100-120+ per minute *AP process: 1. depolarization due to na inflow when voltage gated
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The Urinary System is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The substances are filtered out from the body in the form of urine. Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys‚ collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. Urine is used to extract excess minerals or vitamins as well as blood corpuscles from the body. The Urinary organs include the kidneys‚ ureters‚ bladder‚ and urethra. The Urinary system works with
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In congestive heart failure‚ the heart is not able to pump enough oxygen and nutrition to meet the requirements of the body and it may be chronic or acute. Heart failure is caused by many disorders that injure the heart muscles including‚ heart attack‚ cardiomyopathy‚ coronary artery disease‚ and conditions that overwork the heart‚ such as high blood pressure‚ diabetes‚ thyroid problems and kidney problems. At the point when a heart starts to fail‚ it causes additional liquid to develop in the body
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