1 Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 1 Heart Failure Diffi culty: Beginning Setting: Emergency department‚ hospital Index Words: heart failure (HF)‚ cardiomyopathy‚ volume overload‚ quality of life Scenario M.G.‚ a “frequent fl ier‚” is admitted to the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). She was discharged from the hospital 10 days ago and comes in today stating‚ “I just had to come to the hospital today because I can’t catch my breath and my legs are as big
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In pregnancy‚ the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role for the equilibrium of salt and water in mother and child. All components of the RAAS are altered during pregnancy (1‚ 2). Renin concentrations are elevated due to extra-renal secretion in decidua and ovaries through estrogen stimulation (2). An increase in angiotensinogen production in the liver is observed in pregnant women. By contrast‚ the angiotensin-converting enzyme is reduced. These changes result in an
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Adrenergic medications affect the four receptors‚ a1‚ a2‚ B1 and B2. The sympathetic nervous system triggers the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is a hormone and norepinephrine functions as a hormone and neurotransmitter. First we will take a look at the Alpha 1 receptors. These Alpha 1 receptors cause vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscles. They are located on the post synaptic membranes of effector organs‚ such as on gastral and urinary sphincters. Some are located
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a dream of life. This dream is not only for the receptor. It is for the whole family. Donating organs is an action that can make the life of other people better. Their hearts‚ kidneys‚ pancreas‚ and livers can help to save lives. When the receptors are children‚ they may have the possibility of making their dreams come true. Donating organs is a great act to prove‚ teach‚ and show solidarity. Both families will have the benefit because the receptor will save their lives. On other hand‚ the family
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The Effect of Srb-16 and F35B1.3 RNAi Gene Treatment on Chemosensation in Caenorhabditis elegans through Observation of Chemotaxis. Abstract: The study of sensory systems in humans is a vital area of study to further pursue our knowledge of the mechanisms occurring in the nervous systems. However due to the complications surrounding human testing‚ model organisms such as C. elegans worms can be utilized as a comparison to create paradigms relevant to human sensory systems as the genetic basis
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Running head: Gestational Hypertension Gestational Hypertension Gestational Hypertension Many believe that child birth is part of the cycle of a women’s life. The majority of women have minimal complications with natural child birth but to some the process may be life threatening. Past statistics have shown a high rate of child birth mortality. Today‚ this rate has decreased with the advancement of the medical field. However‚ women all over the world are still facing different kinds of complications
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metabolized or excreted ELIMINATION Drug at site of action Pharmacologic effect Pharmacodynamics Toxicity Efficacy PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacodynamics Actions of drug on the body Specific to a drug/ class of drugs • Interaction with target sites (receptors/enzymes) • Effects at site of action • Dose-response relationship • Reduction in symptoms • Modification of disease process • Unwanted/side effects • Drug interactions • Inter- and intra-patient differences Pharmacokinetics Actions of body on
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Reproducible - Managed - Controlled Stimulus Steroid hormones are lipophilic and can therefore diffuse across plasma membranes; they form signaling complexes with proteins A signal binds a surface receptor ( induction of conformational change in the intracellular domain of the receptor ( transduction and amplification of the signal via downstream partners either linear or via network Upon induction cells can start making signaling molecules that work either in an autocrine (same cell (type))
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shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;18;(8674‚879);(15125‚879);(15125‚145);(21500‚145);(21500‚1540);(14509‚1540);(14509‚21497);(3531‚21497);(3531‚19296);(3607‚19296);(3607‚15187);(2071‚15187);(2071‚2713);(0‚2713);(0‚0);(3223‚0);(3223‚806);(8674‚806)posrelh0posrelv0pib Receptor-ligand binding CYTOSOL Cellular responses Signal transduction (via second messengers) shapeType75fBehindDocument1pWrapPolygonVertices8;6;(5829‚21496);(0‚21496);(0‚0);(21495‚0);(21495‚17797);(5829‚17797)posrelh0posrelv0pib Changes in
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helping with his diabetes mellitus. The rationale reason for treating K.H with an ACE inhibitor is easy. The purpose of an ACE inhibitor is that it blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. ACE‚ or angiotensin converting enzyme allows for this conversion‚ which is why he is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Angiotensin II narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure‚ which can lead to hypertension. Patients who
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