different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light‚ sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected. Mirrors exhibit specular reflection. In acoustics‚ reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology‚ it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface
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Hoo Sze Yen Form 4 Experiments Physics SPM 2008 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 1.1 PENDULUM Hypothesis: The longer the length of a simple pendulum‚ the longer the period of oscillation. Aim of the experiment: To investigate how the period of a simple pendulum varies with its length. Variables: Manipulated: The length of the pendulum‚ l Responding: The period of the pendulum‚ T Constant: The mass of the pendulum bob‚ gravitational acceleration Apparatus/Materials: Pendulum bob‚ length
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1.____________________________________________ Solar Energy System Design The largest solar electric generating plant in the world produces a maximum of 354 megawatts (MW) of electricity and is located at Kramer Junction‚ California. This solar energy generating facility‚ shown below‚ produces electricity for the Southern California Edison power grid supplying the greater Los Angeles area. The authors ’ goal is to provide the necessary information to design such systems. The solar collectors
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highly polished surface‚ such as mirror‚ most of the light gets reflected. normal Laws of Reflection 1. 2. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. — i=— r The incident ray‚ reflected ray and the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence lie in the same plane. Reflected ray Incident ray i r Points of incidences Image formed by Plane Mirror (Plane reflecting surface) Plane Mirror A1 A Object B Image — i — r
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Transmission or reflection disclosures near critical angles linked to TIR. are common ways in RI. measurements. Modified Abbe refractometers and commercial Abbe refractometers are instruments for measuring the RI. of a sample using those ways. The RI. resolution of those instruments. roughly extent from 10−4 to 10−5 depending on their cost and complexity. RI. of muddy colloidal liquids were measured by the transmission mode near the critical angle. using a modified Abbe refractometer [56]. Also
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Refraction Refraction refers to the bending of the transmitted light at the interface between two transparent materials. The angle of refraction depends on the angle of incidence and the relative speeds of the light in the two different media and can be found from the relationship [pic] From this equation we see that the direction in which the light is bent depends on whether it is going from a slower to a faster medium or vice versa. Index of refraction The index of refraction of
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INTRODUCTION Radiation‚ flow of atomic and subatomic particles and of waves‚ such as those that characterize heat rays‚ light rays‚ and X rays. All matter is constantly bombarded with radiation of both types from cosmic and terrestrial sources. This article delineates the properties and behaviour of radiation and the matter with which it interacts and describes how energy is transferred from radiation to its surroundings. Considerable attention is devoted to the consequences of such an energy
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be placed in front of a convex lens‚ so as to obtain its real‚ magnified and inverted image? 15. Which of the two is a diverging lens: convex or concave? 16. Which type of lens has a positive power? 17. Write the relation between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction for a medium. 18. What type of image is formed: (a) in a plane mirror (b) on a cinema screen. 19. For what position of an object‚ a concave mirror forms an enlarged virtual image? 20. Name the
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This Document is provided by www.manabadi.com for FREE for the benefit of Intermediate students. Copying and redistribution by any company/ website is illegal and Manabadi.com has all rights to claim on such type of website or company. Physics – II year – Model question paper – 2013 – 2014 Section – A I Very short answer questions 10× 2 = 20 M Answer all questions‚ each carries two marks. (1) What are beats? (2)Can there be electric intensity at a point with zero electric potential
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RAINBOWS 1. Sunlight is refracted off the front and back of the water droplet and produces a complete spectrum. 2. Depending on the angle of the sun‚ droplet‚ and observer particles seem to only have one color. a) That’s why we see the different bands of color in the sky. Red has 42o angle with sun’s rays while blue is at a 40o angle IV. Optical Phenomena A. Total Internal Reflection 1. When light tries to enter a less optically dense material‚ the light might refract 90o or
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