transferred into separate wells according to the nucleotide type. The nucleotides are run through the gel at a voltage of 1500 volts. Due to the fact that DNA strands are negatively charged they are attracted to the positive anode and therefore move down the gel towards the anode. The DNA strands are separated on the basis their nucleotide type and on the basis of their size. Smaller oligonucleotides travel further down the gel and can be separated by as little as one nucleotide. Eventually they will
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CATALYSIS‚ KINETICS AND REACTION ENGINEERING Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering‚ 22(2) 136—140 (2014) DOI: 10.1016/S1004-9541(14)60005-7 Rapid Regeneration of Chelated Iron Desulfurization Solution Using Electrochemical Reactor with Rotating Cylindrical Electrodes* YU Yong (于永)‚ LIU Youzhi (刘有智)** and QI Guisheng (祁贵生) Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology‚ North University of China‚ Taiyuan 030051‚ China Abstract A new electrochemical
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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION – 2008 SENIORSERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN – 2008 PHYSICAL SCIENCE P2/NATUUR- EN SKEIKUNDE V2 CHEMISTRY/CHEMIE HIGHER GRADE/HOËR GRAAD MAY – JUNE/MEI – JUNIE 2008 MEMORANDUM MARKS/PUNTE: 200 This memorandum consists of 8 pages. Hierdie memorandum bestaan uit 8 bladsye. Copyright reserved/Kopiereg voorbehou Please turn over/Blaai om asseblief Physical Science/Natuur en Sielkunde/HG/P2 2 DoE/May-Jun./Mei-Jun./2008 Senior Certificate Examination/Seniorsertifikaat-eksamen
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gel toward the anode by any DNA fragment (all of which carry negatively charged phosphate groups in the presence of a basic buffer) is inversely proportional to its molecular weight. Further‚ such distance traveled has a linear relationship with the log of such fragment’s molecular weight. Since DNA consists solely of deoxyribonucleotides that differ only by their bases and each base pair has approximately the same molecular weight‚ the distance traveled in the gel toward the anode by any DNA fragment
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ABSTRACT The Batteries form a significant part of many electronic devices. Typical electrochemical batteries or cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries based on the charging ability are classified into primary and secondary cells. Secondary cells are widely used because of their rechargeable nature. Presently‚ battery takes up a huge amount of space and contributes to a large part of the device’s weight. There is strong recent interest in ultrathin‚ flexible‚ safe energy storage
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Part Ca)Up until the 1940’s rubber had only been obtained from the latex of rubber trees(Hevea brasiliensis) in plantations situated in tropical areas such as Malaya and Burma. The demand for rubber increased significantly during world war 2 as rubber was needed for tyres of military vehicles and the supply was interrupted by the conflict between the countries. Scientists in Germany and the US developed synthetic polymers that could replace rubber. Even after the war ended the traditional sources
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4.1 Defining the Atom Overview cannot be seen w/ naked eye def. smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction Democritus’ Atomic Philosophy Democritus (460 BC- 370 BC) was a Greek philosopher first suggested the existence of atoms said they were indivisible and indestructible did not explain chemical behavior did not use scientific method John Dalton (1766-1844) English chemist schoolteacher used experimental methods he transformed Democritus’ ideas
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Efficient Energy Harvester for Microbial Fuel Cells using DC/DC Converters Abstract— Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging technology for sustainable energy production. An MFC employs indigenous microorganisms as biocatalysts and can theoretically convert any biodegradable substrate into electricity‚ making the technology a viable solution for sustainable waste treatment or autonomous power supply. However‚ the electric energy currently generated from MFCs is not directly usable due to the low
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Electrochemical Cells Lab Report AP Chemistry Block 1 Analysis: The purpose of Part 1 of this laboratory is to construct a table listing the reduction potentials of a series of metal ions in order of ease of reduction. The series of half-cells is constructed by placing a piece of metal into a 1.0 M solution of its ions for each metal in the series. The metals are Cu‚ Fe‚ Pb‚ Mg‚ Ag‚ and Zn. The half-cells are connected by a salt bridge constructed of a strip of filter paper soaked in a solution
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development of scientific management‚ technology‚ and productive power‚ the products concerning the metal Magnesium have been developed in a diversified way involving Mg particle‚ Mg alloys‚ Mg powder‚ Mg ingot‚ Mg stick‚ Mg sacrificial anode and high performance sacrificial anode etc. The metal Mg‚ 2/3 density of the metal Aluminum‚ is one of the lightest metals. The potential application of the metal Mg is of great importance especially under today’s situation that energy has been greatly lacked of and
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