Vacuum Technology Nagamitsu Yoshimura Vacuum Technology Practice for Scientific Instruments Dr. Nagamitsu Yoshimura 3-22-75 Fujimoto Kokubunji‚ Tokyo 185-0031 Japan ISBN 978-3-540-74432-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007933832 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg e-ISBN 978-3-540-74433-7 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved‚ whether the whole or part of the material is concerned‚ specifically the rights of translation‚ reprinting‚ reuse of illustrations
Premium Vacuum Vacuum pump Pressure
Principles of X-ray Diffraction Diffraction effects are observed when electromagnetic radiation impinges on periodic structures with geometrical variations on the length scale of the wavelength of the radiation. The interatomic distances in crystals and molecules amount to 0.15–0.4 nm which correspond in the electromagnetic spectrum with the wavelength of x-rays having photon energies between 3 and 8 keV. Accordingly‚ phenomena like constructive and destructive interference should become observable
Premium Crystallography Crystal structure Diffraction
Robot Project Guidelines Table of Contents 1. Project Objectives 1 2. Project Description 2 3. Project Grading 2 4. Project Tasks and Timeline 3 4.1 Programming Tasks 3 4.1.1 VEX Controller Initialization 3 4.1.2 Write Your First Program 4 4.1.3 Write Three Practice Programs 4 4.1.4 Load and Test GOTO_BEACON 5 4.2 Mechanical Design and Construction Tasks 5 4.2.1 Sensors and Motors 5 4.3 Electronics Tasks 5 4.4 Tasks for Weeks #3 and #4 6 5. Infrared Receiver Board
Premium Infrared
keep it simple science Ryde Secondary College‚ SL#710371 INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY What is this topic about? To keep it as simple as possible‚ (K.I.S.S.) this topic involves the study of: 1. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 2. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 3. PRODUCTION OF SULFURIC ACID 4. PRODUCTION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE 5. SOAP & DETERGENTS 6. THE SOLVAY PROCESS FOR Na2CO3 ...all in the context of the applications of Chemistry in human society. 1. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY The “Invisible” Industry Most people are familiar
Premium Sulfuric acid Chemical reaction Sulfur
transmission electron microscope (TEM) uses a high voltage electron beam to create an image. The electrons are emitted by an electron gun‚ commonly fitted with a tungsten filament cathode as the electron source. The electron beam is accelerated by an anode typically at +100 keV (40 to 400 keV) with respect to the cathode‚ focused by electrostatic and electromagnetic lenses‚ and transmitted through the specimen that is in part transparent to electrons and in part scatters them out of the beam. When it
Premium Scanning electron microscope Electron Electron microscope
777 volts. A “cell” is created when an electric potential is cyclically moving throughout a system. A half-cell reaction at the anode electrode is similar to the oxidation reaction shown above. (2) Pt/0.1 M Fe3+‚0.01M Fe2+ This oxidation reaction creates different masses of each state of iron where Fe3+ is favored at the anode. This creates an “open circuit” potential which is the electric potential in the absence of an applied electric current. The open
Free Electrochemistry
cobalt‚ and rhenium alloys. Both external and internal geometries can be machined.ECM is often characterized as "reverse electroplating‚" in that it removes material instead of adding it. In the ECM process‚ a cathode (tool) is advanced into an anode (work piece). The pressurized electrolyte is injected at a set temperature to the area being cut. The feed rate is the same as the rate of "liquefaction" of the material. The gap between the tool and the work piece varies within 80-800 micrometers
Premium Machining
Chem. 6C Midterm 1 Version A October 19‚ 2007 Name__________________________________________ Student Number _________________________________ All work must be shown on the exam for partial credit. Points will be taken off for incorrect or no units. Non graphing calculators and one hand written 3” × 5” note card are allowed. Problem 1 (of 15 possible) Problem 2 (of 26 possible) Problem 3 (of 20 possible) Problem 4 (of 15 possible) Problem 5 (of 6 possible) Problem 6
Premium Electrochemistry
of the diode are curve between voltage across the diode and current through the diode. When external voltage is zero‚ circuit is open and the potential barrier does not allow the current to flow. Therefore‚ the circuit current is zero. When P-type (Anode is connected to +ve terminal and n- type (cathode) is connected to –ve terminal of the supply voltage‚ is known as forward bias. The potential barrier is reduced when diode is in the forward biased condition. At some forward voltage‚ the potential
Premium Rectifier
mean? a. A condition that permits current across a PN junction b. Placing a negative meter lead on the anode c. The identifier on the diode that denotes the cathode d. A condition that permits increase in resistance across a PN junction 7. Reversed bias is a achieved by: a. Preventing current across the PN junction b. Supplying the negative side of the source to the p region c. Making the anode more negative than the cathode d. Connecting a batter to the two ends of a diode 8. What is the maximum
Premium Bipolar junction transistor