Compare and contrast the two main sociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies‚ in some way‚ from a social norm. Cultural Norms are society’s propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard‚ ritualistic practices. Essentially the ’norm’ is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people. This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated
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Module 2 MN250/D a) How organisation of work can contribute to dysfunctional behaviour. Bennett and Robinson (2003)‚ suggest that behaviour is deemed dysfunctional or deviant when an individual or a group violates an organisation’s norms‚ policies‚ or internal values‚ and threatens the welfare of the organisation or its constituents. Researchers into dysfunctional behaviour have come up with other alternative terms such as corrupt‚ counterproductive behaviour‚ deviance‚ antisocial‚ and unethical
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their product they are selling can be predominant. Examples of criminal organizations could be La Costra Nostra‚ The Mexican Drug Cartel‚ and the Italian Mafia. It is my opinion the strain and anomie theory are most applicable when applied to organized crime as well as criminal behavior. The strain and anomie theory theorizes that individuals who engage in illegal activities do so as a result of wanting the American dream. They only think about the materialistic things that they could acquire as a
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Section A Briefly outline and highlight the contribution of Merton’s strain theory to criminology. Robert K. Merton was an American sociologist that wrote in the 1930’s putting out his first major work in 1938 called Social Structure and Anomie. After publication‚ this piece was we worked and tweaked to counter criticisms. The importance of the time frame of which Merton initially began his work is significant‚ as during this time crime and the approach to crime was examined predominantly based
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Tutsi tribes. This event can be seen as a result of Robert Merton’s Anomie theory‚ or sometimes called strain theory. Merton’s theory “holds that crime increases – as do other forms of deviance – when the social structure prevents people from achieving culturally defined goals (e.g. Hutu bettering their lives) through legitimate means (e.g. an election). This gap between goals and means is called structural inequality or anomie”. (Tepperman 2010) The persisting structural gap that the Hutu were
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Midterm Study Guide/Sociology 102/Winter 2014 Use this outline of concepts in conjunction with the lecture outlines‚ your lecture notes‚ and the assigned reading in the Ritzer textbook to prepare for the exam. A supplemental guide including study questions for the discussion section articles will be posted in a few days. I. Structural Functionalism A. Basic Assumptions 1. Society as a consensus on values a. social structures‚ institutions‚ organizations‚ and roles all embody these common
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propaganda and symbolism‚ Ritzer says‚ McDonald’s is a potent manifestation of the rational processes that define modern society. Ritzer warns that the spread of such "rationalized systems" has had irrational consequences‚ not least of which is the "disenchantment of the world‚" a situation in which rationality takes over‚ leaving no room for the mysterious‚ unpredictable qualities that make us human. Ritzer’s scholarly work has been heavily influenced by German sociologist Max Weber‚ who feared that
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Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) states minorities (such as African Americans or Latinos) have a disproportionate amount of contact with the criminal justice system when compared to their white counterparts. Two perspectives that explain this disproportionality are differential offending and differential treatment. Differential offending argues there is an actual difference in offending between races; DMC is a result of minorities committing more crimes than their white counterparts (Hindelang
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Criminological theory: Past to present (4th ed.‚ pp NY: Oxford University Press Akers (1994) Agnew (2011)‚ Criminological theory: Past to present (4th ed.‚ pp. 130-142). New York‚ NY: Oxford University Press Merton (1938). Socially Structure and Anomie. In F.T. Cullen & R. Agnew (2011)‚ Criminological theory: Past to present (4th ed.‚ pp NY: Oxford University Press Sampson and Raudenbush (1997) Agnew (2011)‚ Criminological theory: Past to present (4th ed.‚ pp. 112-117). New York‚ NY: Oxford University
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strain. Norms weaken and ‘anomie’ ensues‚ thus creating high crime rates. When otheant. When such an institutional imbalance exists—as in the United States—then crime rates are very high. Glueck & Glueck Mednick Caspi Moffitt Shaw & McKay Sampson Bursik & Grasmick Positivist Individual Trait Social Disorganization Differential Association Social Learning Subcultural Sutherland & Cressey Sykes & Matza Akers Wolfgang & Ferracuti Anderson Anomie Institutional-Anomie Merton Messner & Rosenfeld
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