data gave a 5:3:2:1 phenotypic ratio of wrinkled wings: wrinkled wings and black body: wild type wings body: black body respectively yielding these values. A BLAST search on the black mutant gene alignment gave an E-value of zero when compared to Anopheles Gambiae. A BLASTn search on the Wrinkled gene sequence produced an E-value of 2 x 10-18 when compared to Anastrepha ludens. Search results concluded biological relevance‚ and homology of these genes. Results A parental cross of black male mutants
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living organism. Malaria‚ and also know as Plasmodium Falciparum is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It begins with a bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito‚ which introduces the protists through saliva into the circulatory system. In the blood‚ the protists travel to the liver to mature and reproduce. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever and headache‚ which in severe cases can
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VECTOR? A vector is a living organism that transmits an infectious pathogen into other living organisms. VECTORS COMMON TO THE CARIBBEAN VECTORS DISEASES 1. APHIDS Viral disease in plants 2. RATS Leptospirosis 3. ANOPHELES Malaria & Elephantiasis 4. TICKS Lyme disease 5. HOUSE FLIES Cholera & Typhoid HOW THEY TRANSMIT THEIR DISEASES Houseflies feed on decaying plant and animal materials‚ garbage‚ faeces and urine. They then collect germs on parts of
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Chapter one 1. Introduction Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. It is endemic throughout the country with more than 90% of the total population at risk of stable endemic malaria. At least 50% of the population suffers from at least one episode of malaria each year. However children aged less than 5 years and pregnant women are among the highest at risk of infection it has been documented that malaria‚ a parasitic disease which is easily
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MALARIA Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves high fevers‚ shaking chills‚ flu-like symptoms‚ and anemia. CAUSES: Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted from one human to another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. In humans‚ the parasites (called sporozoites) travel to the liver‚ where they mature and release another form‚ the merozoites. These enter the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells. The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells‚ which then
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generation to generation during reproduction. Many mutations are harmful‚ but very rarely one will occur that is valuable to the organism. If a mutation produces harmful allele‚ the allele will then remain uncommon in the population. For example‚ the “Anopheles” mosquito is responsible for transmitting malaria in many African counties. At some point in the past‚ mutations occurred in the DNA of these mosquitoes that made some individuals tolerant to the insecticide Pyrethrin‚ even before the chemical had
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Disease is any condition that adversely affects the function of any part of a living thing. Health is the wellbeing of the organism. All our body functions‚ which are under the control of our genes‚ work together to maintain health. Difficulties in determining health and disease: Disease can cover a wide range of conditions including minor conditions‚ such as a cut finger or an ant bite‚ as well as the more obvious diseases like cancers. Health varies on a daily basis and is not just the absence
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P. falciparum P. ovale P. malariae P. vivax and P. falciparum are the most prevalent‚ accounting for almost 90 percent of all cases worldwide. Malaria life-cycle Anopheles mosquito goes through asexual and sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs in the human body and sexual reproduction takes place in the gut of the anopheles mosquito. Mosquitos are the final hosts of malaria whereas humans are the intermediate hosts Sources of information for malaria surveillance Reports of confirmed malaria
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Parasitol Res DOI 10.1007/s00436-012-3021-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Larvicidal‚ pupicidal‚ repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi‚ Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Kadarkarai Murugan & Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar & Kalimuthu Kovendan & Duraisamy Amerasan & Jayapal Subrmaniam & Jiang-Shiou Hwang Received: 26 May 2012 / Accepted: 19 June 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Mosquitoes are the carriers
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IMPACTS OF DEFORESTATION ON MALARIA IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA: THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL‚ SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS Abstract Forest resources in Nigeria are undergoing severe exploitation pressure due to demographic growth and socio-economic development. Through the process of forest clearing‚ deforestation alters the ecology of local malaria vectors. The overall goal of this study was to seek to clarify the mechanisms linking deforestation‚ economic development and malaria epidemiology and
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