NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GROWTH IN REGIONS Nicola Gennaioli Rafael La Porta Florencio Lopez de Silanes Andrei Shleifer Working Paper 18937 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18937 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge‚ MA 02138 April 2013 We are grateful to Jan Luksic for outstanding research assistance‚ to Antonio Spilimbergo for sharing the structural reform data set‚ and to Robert Barro‚ Peter Ganong‚ and Simon Jaeger for extremely helpful comments. Shleifer
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Follower Nicher According to Shaw‚ Eric (2012). Marketing Strategy: From the Origin of the Concept to the Development of a Conceptual Framework. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing.‚ there is a framework for marketing strategies. Market introduction strategies "At introduction‚ the marketing strategist has two principle strategies to choose from: penetration or niche" (47). Market growth strategies "In the early growth stage‚ the marketing manager may choose from two additional
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Economic Issues Economic Growth Economic Growth involves an increase in the volume of goods and services that an economy produces over a period of time. It is measured by the annual rate of change in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)‚ i.e. the percentage increase in the value of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time‚ usually one year‚ adjusted for inflation Aggregate Demand Aggregate Demand (AD) is the total level of expenditure in the economy over a given period
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Marketing strategy is defined by David Aaker as a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its resources on the optimal opportunities with the goals of increasing sales and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.[1] Marketing strategy includes all basic and long-term activities in the field of marketing that deal with the analysis of the strategic initial situation of a company and the formulation‚ evaluation and selection of market-oriented strategies and therefore contribute
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about half the price of GM’s Buick. VW’s competitive strategy was based on price‚ hence most taxi in China are VW Santana. What is GM and SAIC’s agenda in this JV GM’s agenda to enter the China market mainly has to do with the US domestic car market. The US auto market is very saturated with US citizen owned 25% of the world’s car with only 5% of the population. The US domestic market was also attacked heavily by Japanese car makers like Honda and Toyota. GM had to expand outside of the US market
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Bacterial are very diverse and quite adaptable‚ but they still need certain factors in order to thrive. The physical requirements for bacterial growth include pH range‚ temperature‚ oxygen concentrations‚ moisture levels‚ hydrostatic pressure‚ osmotic pressure‚ and radiation levels. When considering the pH level‚ bacteria are classified as either acidophiles (acid-loving)‚ neutrophiles (neutral ph range)‚ or alkaliphiles (alkali-loving). The one that causes disease in humans would be the neutrophiles
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Reproduced with the permission of the family of Donald McGavran. “No one in the world of missions today is so profound a thinker‚ so traveled an investigator‚ so fearless a critic‚ or so constructive a force as Donald McGavran. These lectures throw down the gauntlet to today’s Christian leaders‚ theologians‚ and executives like no other book. What a bold challenge‚ what a fascinating biographical approach‚ based on ninety years of perceptive existence!” Ralph D. Winter “In a day of g
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Economic Policy Reforms 2012 Going for Growth © OECD 2012 PART II Chapter 5 Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth: Can it be done? This chapter identifies inequality patterns across OECD countries and provides new analysis of their policy and non-policy drivers. One key finding is that education and anti-discrimination policies‚ well-designed labour market institutions and large and/or progressive tax and transfer systems can all reduce income inequality. On this basis
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Meaning of Growth and Development Hurlock (1982) Differentiates growth and development in this manner: Growth refers to the quantitative changes – increase in size and structure. An individual grows physically as well as mentally. Development refers to the quantitative changes. It may be defined as progressive series of orderly‚ coherent changes: progressive because the changes are directional‚ they lead forward rather than backward – orderly and coherent‚ because a definite relationship
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Functional Strategies Management/521 Abstract This paper discusses some functional strategies use by an organization ’s various functional departments to support the corporate & competitive strategy. The managers play key role in forming these strategies. This also known as operational method to implement the tactics for internal departments. This includes Operation‚ marketing and finance strategies. Introduction The key strategies for the developments of the organizational capabilities of the business
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