years. Evolution of LTE LTE uses new multiple access schemes on the air interface: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) in downlink and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) in uplink. Furthermore‚ MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE. In order to simplify protocol architecture‚ LTE brings some major changes to the existing UMTS protocol concepts. Impact on the overall network architecture including the core network is referred to as 3GPP System
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ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Wayne Tomasi‚ 5th edition Introduction to Electronic Communications Electricity began in 1837 when Samuel Finley Breese Morse invented the first workable telegraph. In 1894‚ Marchese Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmitted the first wireless radio signals through Earth’s atmosphere. In 1906‚ Lee DeForest invented the triode vacuum tube. Commercial radio broadcasting began in 1920 when radio station KDKA began broadcasting amplitude-modulated
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108 m/s)/ 864 kHz = 347.222 m = 1139.1805 ft Minimum Vertical Height HT = 76 m = 249.3438 ft. Antenna Height in Wavelength HTW = HTft/ λft where: HTW = antenna height in wavelength HTft = antenna height in feet λft = wavelength (ft) thus‚ HTW = 249.3438 ft / 1139.1805 ft HTW = 0.2189 Antenna Height in Degrees H° = HTW x 360° where: H° = antenna height in degree HTW = antenna height in wavelength thus‚ H° = 0.2189 x 360° H° = 78.804 ° Effective Field Strength in mV/m
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applications on mobile devices [1]. Two key technological breakthroughs in wireless communications are integrated into the Mobile WiMAX standards‚ namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technology [1-2]. OFDMA is the chosen technology for the Physical (PHY) layer of Mobile WiMAX. MIMO technology improves cell coverage areas for mobile WiMAX systems. OFDMA and MIMO have enabled Mobile WiMAX to provide reliable solution to address
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4.5 Objectives 4.6 Approaches 4.7.1 Consideration points 4.7.2 Principal technologies 4. 4G features 5. Components 6.7 Access schemes 6.8 IPv6 support 6.9 Advanced Antenna Systems 6.10 Software-Defined Radio (SDR) 6. History of 4G and pre-4G technologies 7.11 Deployment plans 7. Beyond 4G research 8. 4G wireless standards | Introduction : 4G refers to the fourth generation
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I. Introduction It stands as perhaps the signal success of the computer industry in the last few years‚ a rare bright spot in a bubble-battered market. advances in wireless telecommunications technology are converging with Internet technology to foster new generations of applications and services. Presently‚ the United States and other countries are moving to third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation mobile telephony. The defining feature of these technologies is that transmission speeds
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But because the human senses do not necessitate the precision to be infinite to be able to comprehend something (a signal)‚ sampling and quantization processes barely effect the information but significantly reduce the cost. B. Antenna Practicability For antenna practicability the need for the signals to have a much higher frequency than they customarily do rises‚ which is accomplished through modulation. However it raises the call for of a higher bandwidth than the information signal alone
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What’s Wi-Max? Wi-Max is an IP based‚ wireless broadband access technology that provides performance similar to 802.11/Wi-Fi networks with the coverage and QOS (quality of service) of cellular networks. Wi-Max stands from "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Wi-Max is a wireless digital communications system‚ also known as IEEE 802.16 that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". Wi-Max can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations
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Cross Layer Design for Wireless Multimedia Networks Assignment 1 1. Which of the following uses the widest spectrum? (a) 802.16 (b) 802.11 (c) CDMA-2000 (d) UWB Ans: UWB 2. Which of the following is true? (a) Small-scale multipath fading is the primary driver behind wireless communication system design. (b) In the free space loss model‚ there is no frequency effect. (c) Data throughput in sensor networks is a bigger concern
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