requires the purchase or lease ofonly a small area of land. Because of their high operating frequencies‚ microwave radio systems can carry large quantities of information. High frequencies mean short wavelengths‚ which require relatively small antennas. Radio signals are more easily propagated around physical obstacles such as water and high mountains Fewer repeaters are necessary for amplification. Distances between switching centers are less. Underground facilities are minimized.
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estimate would be a doubled coverage area for every 9dB increased. The path loss also depends on the antenna gain of the transmitter‚ how far apart they are and if there are any obstacles. Other factors are the receiving antenna’s gain and the receiver’s sensitivity. MIMO Introduction When looking at radio applications‚ multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) is when multiple antennas are used at both the transmitter and receiver. This technology is useful in wireless applications because
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SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Mukesh Patel School Of Technology Management and Engineering‚ NMIMS A Report On RF Network Planning For GSM and CDMA By Kashish Parikh UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Prof Ravindra Bhatt(Lecturer)‚ Parminder Singh Sodhi(Dept Gen Manager) and Vivek Porwal(Junior Manager) Reliance Communications (8th May 2010) SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering‚ NMIMS Certificate This is to certify that Kashish Parikh
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April 17‚ 2004 8‚ 43 Date of approval of RA 9292 There are __________ Articles and __________ sections in the RA 9292. Any person who shall violate any provision of RA 9292 or any rules‚ regulations‚ the Code of Ethics and the Code of Technical Standards of Practice is stated in section _________. This act is was consolidation of House Bill No. 5224 and Senate Bill No. 2683. The chairperson of the PRC shall include in the Commission’s program the implementation of RA 9292‚ the funding of w/c
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RFiD Video attendance system Most educational institutions’ administrators are concerned about student irregular attendance. Truancies can affect student overall academic performance. The conventional method of taking attendance by calling names or signing on paper is very time consuming and insecure‚ hence inefficient. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based attendance system is one of the solutions to address this problem. This system can be used to take attendance for student in school
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independent of what functions they perform. The first category has fixed antenna with centralized transmitters which produces patterns by reflector or passive array antennas. The beaming being fixed‚ scanning can only be achieved by physically moving the antenna. Typically a surveillance radar will produce a fan shaped beam with a fixed elevation illumination profile‚ the azimuth scanning being achieved by rotating the antenna. A tracking radar will have a pencil beam that is used to track targets
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MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION-overview STRUCTURE 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 Objective 1.3 Classification of Electromagnetics wave 1.4 MICROWAVE 1.5 6 GHz Digital M/W SYSTEM 1.6 Summary 1.7 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READINGS 1 INTRODUCTION We use the radio portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for many things‚ including television and radio broadcasting‚ telephones and other wireless communications‚ navigation and radar for a variety of measurements including
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also be used as a filter‚ to block DC signals but pass AC signals. | accumulator | | | Accumulators are designed to increase or relieve pressure in the system. | antenna | | | A antenna is a radio antenna that can be made of a simple wire‚ with a center-fed driven element. | loop antenna | | | A loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop (or
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Application of EM Wave in RADAR Ankush Sharma Regd. No. 10804571 Roll no. RB6803A16 Electronics Department‚ Lovely Professional University Chehru (Punjab) Abstract— the project is enlightening us about the characteristics and properties of electromagnetic wave .It also include radar‚ how does it works‚ its components and application of EM Wave in radar. 1. Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic waves are composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields at right angles
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Cellular Network Planning and Optimization Part II: Fading Jyri Hämäläinen‚ Communications and Networking Department‚ TKK‚ 17.1.2007 Outline Modeling approaches Path loss models Shadow fading Fast fading 2 Modeling approaches 3 Fading seen by moving terminal Fast fading Power Modeling approach: +20 dB 1. Distance between TX and RX => path loss 2. Shadowing by large obstacles => shadow fading 3. Multi-path effects => fast fading - 20 dB Path loss Lognormal
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