the other avatars excluded them because they didn’t like something about them. This reaction could be traced directly to the brain’s responses. “When people felt excluded‚” says Eisenberger‚ “we saw activity in the dorsal portion of the anterior cingulate cortex — the neural region involved in the distressing component of pain‚ or what is sometimes referred to as the ‘suffering’ component of pain. Those people who felt the most rejected had the highest levels of activity in this region.” In other
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When you view criminals‚ they can be any number of different sizes‚ shapes‚ appearances‚ genders‚ ethnicity and ages. However‚ when you look on their insides – their brain’s for example‚ you may see some similarities which link them together. For instance‚ the Amygdala- the place in the brain which focuses on fear‚ aggression‚ social interaction etc…is involved in crimes. In a study done at the University of Pittsburgh‚ the team conducting the experiments noticed that lower amygdala volumes could
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of the skin D. thyroid E. adrenal cortex 2. Jason is having problems with his metabolic rate. He cannot seem to burn calories and gains weight even on a severely reduced caloric intake. What endocrine gland is probably not involved in this problem? A. anterior pituitary B. hypothalamus C. thyroid D. testes E. pancreas 3. Which of the following is NOT a correct association? A. thyroid—thyroxin B. anterior pituitary—FSH and LH C. adrenal cortex—hypothalamus releasing hormones D. adrenal
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THE UNIQUENESS OF THE FAITH OF CHRISTIANITY Faith is the bed-rock of Christianity. Of all existing religions‚ Christianity is the only faith-centered religion. Other religions are wrongly labeled as “faiths”. The paradoxical phrase “paths of faith” has falsely elevated the other religions to a “faith” status. For‚ there is no other religion than Christianity which offers “faith” as a way of salvation to its adherents. Faith “marga” (way) is unique to Christianity. Faith is the essence of Christian
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1360-0443.2008.02157.x Social cognition in alcoholism: a link to prefrontal cortex dysfunction? Jennifer Uekermann & Irene Daum Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience‚ Ruhr-University of Bochum‚ Bochum‚ Germany ABSTRACT Aims Alcoholism is associated with a range of cognitive deficits. These deficits might be explained by the ‘frontal lobe hypothesis’ which suggests a specific vulnerability of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. Social cognition is thought to be
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up their addictions.[1] Volkow has shown that abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex of addicts create a feeling of need or craving that addicts know is irrational but cannot prevent. Prefrontal abnormalities also make it difficult to override compulsions to take drugs by exercising cognitive control. The main areas affected are the orbitofrontal cortex‚ which maintains attention to goals‚ and the anterior cingulate cortex‚ that mediates the capacity to monitor and select action plans. Both areas receive
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Maastricht University‚ Maastricht‚ the Netherlands 3 Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging‚ Massachusetts General Hospital‚ Charlestown‚ Massachusetts * Corresponding author List of abbreviations AMG = amygdala; almond-shaped nucleus in anterior temporal lobe EBA = extrastriate body area; brain area lying in temporal-occipital sulcus which is specifically involved in processing bodies EEG = electroencephalography; a method to measure electrical activity from the scalp related to cortical
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central both to cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Theories exist both regarding the theoretical structure of working memory and the role of specific parts of the brain involved in working memory. Research identifies the frontal cortex‚ parietal cortex‚ anterior cingulate‚ and parts of the basal ganglia as crucial. The neural basis of working memory has been derived from lesion experiments in animals and functional imaging upon humans. Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Theories 2.1 Baddeley and Hitch
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nuclei and cerebellum The basal nuclei adjust or establish patterns of muscle movements‚ and the cerebellum monitors proprioceptive and vestibular information. Which of these is/are (a) component(s) of the somatic nervous system? Ventral roots Motor cortex Ventral horn All of these are component of the somatic nervous system Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called Baroreceptors Assessing spinal nerve damage may involve the use of a vibration fork that is tapped along
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Causes An interaction between biophysical factors and traumatic situations may cause anxiety disorders. Neurotransmitters of the central nervous system like norepinephrine and serotonin‚ peptides like corticotropin-releasing factor are the major mediators for the cause of anxiety disorder. Biological Low levels of GABA‚ a neurotransmitter that reduces activity in the central nervous system‚ contribute to anxiety. A number of anxiolytics achieve their effect by modulating the GABA receptors
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