adrenal glands are found at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. Each adrenal gland is separated into two distinct structures‚ the adrenal cortex and medulla‚ both of which produce hormones. The cortex mainly produces cortisol‚ aldosterone‚ and androgens‚ while the medulla chiefly produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. Cortex The adrenal cortex is devoted to the synthesis of corticosteroid hormones from cholesterol. Some cells belong to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and are the
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Animal Physiology Friday January 13‚ 2012 What are Animals? Invertebrates No spinal column Vertebrates Spinal column Major Animal Phyla Porifera Cnidaria Platyhel-minths Mollusca Annileda Nematoda Arthro-poda Echino-dermata Chordata What is Animal Physiology? What is Physiology? “The study of how animals work” (function) Knut Schmidt-Nielsen (1915–2007) – came up with the whole scheme of animal physiology from cell to whole organism temperature
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development of follicle (females) stimulation of sperm maturation (males)‚ interior pituitary Cortisol: accelerate glucose synthesis and glycogen formation‚ decreases inflammation by suppressing parts of immune system‚ decreases stress‚ adrenal gland cortex Parathyroid hormone (PTH): raises calcium levels in blood‚ parathyroid gland Calcitonin (CT): decreases calcium levels in blood‚ thyroid gland Insulin: decrease glucose levels in the blood‚ pancreas Glucagon: increase blood sugar levels‚ pancreas
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21–25 Caramazza.‚ A & Coltheart .‚M (2006) Cognitive Neuropsychology twenty years on Code .‚C (1997)Can the Right Hemisphere Speak? Brain And Language 57‚ 38–59 Coltheart.‚M (2006) What has functional neuroimaging told us about the mind (so far)? Cortex‚ 42‚ 323-331 Coltheart.‚M ‚ (2006) Perhaps Functional Neuroimaging Has Not Told Us Anything About The Mind (So Far) Cortex42‚ 422-427 Fodor‚ Jerry A Barrett .‚C and Kurzban.‚R (2006 ) Modularity in Cognition: Framing the Debate Psychological Review
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sphincter. B. voluntary. 3. What are the attachment sites of the mesentery‚ mesocolon‚ falciform ligament‚ lesser omentum‚ and greater omentum? Mesentery – binds large intestine to posterior abdominal wall; falciform ligament – attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm; lesser omentum – suspends stomach and duodenum from the liver; greater omentum – from stomach and colon to transverse colon. 4. What are the functions of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses? A. myenteric plexus: innervates
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Emotion 2010‚ Vol. 10‚ No. 2‚ 257–265 © 2010 American Psychological Association 1528-3542/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0018489 Emotion Regulation and Decision Making Under Risk and Uncertainty Renata M. Heilman and Liviu G. Cris¸an Daniel Houser Babes¸-Bolyai University George Mason University Mircea Miclea and Andrei C. Miu Babes¸-Bolyai University It is well established that emotion plays a key role in human social and economic decision making. The recent literature on emotion regulation (ER)
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Biopsychology: A specialty that studies the interaction of biology‚ behavior‚ and mental processes. Evolution: The gradual process of biological change that occurs in a species as it adapts to its environment new generations change as they adapt to changing environments Evolution has fundamentally shaped psychological processes because it favors genetic variations that produce adaptive behavior Charles Darwin:Wondered if animals were related and if all creations‚ even humans‚ could
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Anatomy of the Eye More from this chapter | PDF version (print quality) Video lecture | Anatomy Questions | Pimp Questions Anatomy Flashcards | | Before discussing conditions affecting the eye‚ we need to review some basic eye anatomy. Anatomy can be painful for some (personally‚ I hated anatomy in medical school) so I’m going to keep this simple. Let us start from the outside and work our way toward the back of the eye.Eyelids The eyelids protect and help lubricate the eyes. The
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Deviance: Nature vs. Nurture Every society has developed their own rules and principles‚ and every society contains those who break away from these norms and expectations. These people are called deviants. All societies throughout history have had these deviants who refuse to follow the rules set up by the community in which they live. Deviance is necessary‚ to some degree‚ for societies to advance. Without deviance‚ human culture would stagnate. The causes of deviance‚ like many
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According to Kaptchuck and Miller‚ placebos rely on “neurobiological mechanisms” involving endorphins‚ cannabinoids‚ and dopamine in relevant areas of the brain like the prefrontal cortex‚ anterior insula‚ and amygdala (Placebo Effects in Medicine‚ 2015). Placebos create a mind-body connection. When a person thinks that the placebo will cure‚ they will most likely feel better or experience fewer side effects. The same goes for pain. If
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