report is to provide insight‚ from a scientific perspective‚ on the causes and treatment of these types of fractures. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ANKLE The essential structures of the ankle can be categorised into the following; Bones and joints Ligaments and tendons Muscles Nerves Blood vessels Bones And Joints The ankle joint is comprised of three bones: the talus‚ also referred to as the anklebone‚ the tibia and the fibula (Figure 1) (Yufit & Seligson 2010). The way in which these three bones
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branches of the subclavian arteries? A: thyrocervical‚ internal thoracic‚ and vertebral artery Q: Where is the carotid sinus located? A: Base of the internal carotid Q: Which of the ff are branches of the internal carotid? A: middle cerebral‚ anterior cerebral‚ ophthalmic artery Q: The gastroduodemal artery is a branch from which artery? A: Common hepatic artery Q: In which part of the tooth is dentin located? A: Crown Q: Portion of the digestive tract adjacent the duodenum? A: Jejunum (DJilium)
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and a soft fibrous tissue rim called the labrum surrounds the socket to help stabilize the joint. The rim deepens the socket by up to 50% so that the head of the upper arm bone fits better. In addition‚ it serves as an attachment site for several ligaments. ~Patient sits with the arm medially rotated and forward flexed to 90 deg ~Examiner grasps the patients elbow and axially loads the humerus in a proximal direction. While maintainin the axial loading‚ the examiner moves the arm horizontally (cross-flexion/horizontal
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the help from the mucus. All the bad chemicals we breathe in are taken by the mucus and pushed down our throats into our stomach. As we enter through the nasal septum’s this causes a division in the nasal cavity creating a left and right side. The anterior portion of the nasal septum is formed of hyaline cartilage. The bony posterior septum includes portions of the vomer and the ethmoid bone (Respiratory). From the nasal cavities this goes into our internal nares‚ which have a pass way from our nasal
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------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Anatomy of the Breast The External Surface Anatomy of the Breast The female breast lies against the anterior thoracic wall‚ extending from the clavicle and the second rib down to the sixth rib‚ and from the side of the sternum across to the midaxillary line. The breasts lie anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. The superior lateral portion of breast tissue projects upward and laterally into the axilla. This portion is called the Axillary
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completely‚ such as in the frontal bones‚ and become synostosis. o Gomphosis joints have a peg-in-socket structure…one bone surrounds the other. The fibrous connection is the periodontal ligaments. o Most fibrous joints are immovable o Sutures have very short CT fibers o In syndesmosis the bones are connected by a ligament A few notes about cartilaginous joints: o Epiphyseal plates are temporary and become synostoses o Symphyses are designed for strength with flexibility o Fibrocartilage is compressible
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The suspected initial diagnosis: 1. Peroneal Muscle Tendonitis: this almost appears when the individual return to play after stopping long time. 2. Lateral ligament complex injury. 3. Stress fractures to the distal fibula (lateral malleolus) or cuboid bone. Since the mechanism of injury is not clear where there was possibility of twisted ankle and the athletes presented with acute symptoms in the injured area which show inflammatory presentations (swelling‚ pain‚ and high temperature)‚ it might
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serratus anterior‚ triceps brachii‚ biceps brachii‚ pronator teres‚ flexor digitorum superficialis‚ flexor digitorum profundus‚ supinator‚ muscles of thenar eminence‚ lumbricals. TRAPEZIUS : a) Flat muscle. b) It covers back of neck and upper part of trunk 1 Origin : External occipital protuberance Medial one‐third of superior nuchal line Ligamentum nuchae Spine of 7th cervical vertebra Spines all twelve thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligaments Insertion :
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Lymph Nodes Definition: Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes are small encapsulated organs located along the pathway of lymphatic vessels. They vary from about 1 mm to 1 to 2 cm in diameter and are widely distributed throughout the body‚ with large concentrations occurring in the areas of convergence of lymph vessels. They serve as filters through which lymph percolates on its way to the blood. Antigen-activated lymphocytes differentiate and proliferate by cloning in the lymph nodes. They are packed
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The ulnar nerve is formed from the medial cord nerve roots of C7-T1. Originating in the brachial plexus‚ it descends down the arm before passing around the medial epicondyle of the elbow (the so-called funny bone) and then passes between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU). It gives some cutaneous branches just before the wrist whilst the motor branches pass around the hook of hamate. Its motor contribution is to all small muscles of the hand except the lateral two lumbricals as well as FCU
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