Abstract:The Wittig Reaction is a nucleophilic addition in which an alkene is formed as a product. Both the E and Z isomers of the alkene result. Substituents on the aromatic aldehyde affect the E/Z ratio of products that form. In this experiment‚ a nitro group was used as the substituent in the ortho‚ meta and para positions‚ with benzaldehyde as the control. Each of the four aldehydes reacted with (carbethoxymethylene) triphenylphosphorane to produce ethyl cinnamate‚ ethyl-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate
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An Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Rate of the Reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms are redistributed‚ resulting in a change in the molecular composition of substances. The reaction rate is how quickly a reaction occurs and this can be affected by four different factors: ¡¤ changing the surface area of any solids involved ¡¤ changing the concentration of reactants in solution ¡¤ changing the temperature
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Write down the aim of your Investigation. To investigate the effects of change in concentration on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. Briefly describe your Preliminary Experiment and include your results. Explain how these results have helped you plan your main experiment (p8b). An increase in concentration will lead to an increase in the rate of reaction because there will be a greater number of particles per unit/cm3. The particles will be closer together and
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SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon Date of Experiment: February 6‚ 2008 Objective: The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The
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稭easuring cylinder 稢onical flask 稡ung and delivery tube 稢lamp stand 稡oss head clamp 稵ub 稴topwatch Safety Hydrochloric acid is very corrosive‚ so care will be taken when handling it. Safety goggles will be worn throughout the investigation as the reaction could fizz violently and cause eye damage if it was to spit. Variables 稵emperature 稢oncentration of acid 稴urface area of marble chips 稭ass of marble chips 稸olume of acid Key Variable The only variable that I will intentionally change during
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In this experiment‚ I am going to see if temperature affects the reaction rate between marble chips and hydrochloric acid by timing the release of carbon dioxide in the reaction. I predict the higher the temperature‚ the faster the reaction rate. This is due to the kinetic theory. The more heat that is given to matter‚ the faster the particles move. This happens in the acid‚ so the faster the particles move‚ the faster the reaction rate due to more collisions between the marble chips and the acid
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Affecting Rates of Chemical Reactions Prepared By: Kelly Gunter For: Ms. Brohman Course: SCH-4U Introduction The main purpose of this lab was to investigate how temperature‚ concentration‚ the addition of catalysts‚ and the substitution of a more reactive reactant‚ can affect the reaction. The collision theory explains that in order for a reaction to occur‚ reacting particles must collide with one another. An effective collision makes reactants result in a reaction and for to be successful
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AbstractThe rates of reaction of Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth meatals are compared in this lab. The pH of each of the resulting metal solutions are tested and the products of the reaction between calcium and water is discovered. The tested elements are sodium‚ lithium‚ potassium and calcium and each of them were placed in a beaker filled with water. The resulting solutions pH levels were tested with litmus paper. There were more steps for caclium because it is the only Alkaline Earth metal. For
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Investigation How does the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate affect the rate of reaction to hydrochloric acid? contents page 1: contents‚ aim‚ prediction‚ equation‚ diagram page 2: equipment‚ preliminary experiments page 3: page 4: page 5: page 6: page 7: page 8: Aim: In my investigation I am trying to find out how the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid gets affected but the concentration of the thiosulfate. Prediction: My prediction is that the increased
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energy needed for chemical reactions. The two main environmental factors that can affect the enzyme’s activity are temperature and pH‚ and each enzyme works best at a particular temperature and pH. The purpose of this enzyme kinetic experiment was to observe the effect of temperature and pH on the reaction of barley alpha-amylase enzyme with starch substrate and establish the optimum temperature and pH for this reaction. The optimum temperature and pH for the reaction of alpha-amylase and starch
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