penguin from the 36 million year old strata of Peru‚ was discovered to have its feathers still intact from the fossil. The extinct giant penguin was unique from its group because of its color. With all thanks to a technique‚ which has allowed paleontologists to identify the ancient vestiges of color in bird and dinosaur feathers‚ they have identified that Inkayacus were gray and reddish brown in color. At least some of the coloration of bird feathers comes from microscopic structures called melanosomes
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Understanding Culture The biggest challenge the social scientists face is reaching a consensus over the definition of culture. Among sociologists ad anthropologists‚ debate has raged for several academic generations about the proper definition of the term “culture”. Ralph Linton (1945)‚ an American anthropologist said that culture is ’the sum total of knowledge‚ attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a particular society ’.[1] Ward Goodenough (1957)
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Chinese and Harappan Civilization‚ the two different rise of the state Gordon Childe‚ an anthropologist‚ had criteria for the civilization. Based on his theory‚ Civilization must meet the size and density of cities‚ full-time specialization of labor‚ concentration of surplus‚ class-structured society‚ and state organization. Essentially in the same way that the ancient Egypt rose from Nile River‚ and Euphrates and Tigris gave birth to Mesopotamia Civilization‚ Harapan Civilization took advantage
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which includes other groups such as Aborigines inAustralia; Papuans; and the Melanesians of the Solomon Islands‚ Vanuatu‚ Fiji‚ and the French overseas special collectivity of New Caledonia. The history of the Aeta continues to confound anthropologists and archaeologists. One theory suggests that the Aeta are the descendants of the original inhabitants of the Philippines‚ who‚ contrary to their seafaring Austronesian neighbors‚ arrived through land bridges that linked the islands with the Asian mainland
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as a separate genus‚ actually represents Triceratops in its mature form.[4][5] Triceratops has been documented by numerous remains collected since the genus was first described in 1889‚ including at least one complete individual skeleton.[6] Paleontologist John Scannella observed: "It is hard to walk out into the Hell Creek Formation and not stumble upon a Triceratops weathering out of a hillside." Forty-seven complete or partial skulls were discovered in just that area during the decade 2000–2010
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According to “Our True Dawn‚” the differences between the methods used by the geneticist and the paleontologist in determining when our ancestors split from the apes was based on physiological and molecular connection. With the development of the molecular clock scientist were able to determine the connection between ancestors that paleontologists would put aside if the connection was difficult to connect. As a result‚ we can determine the time ancestors’ mutations were created and how mutations
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determine the age of an object. 7. Explain the role of paleontology in the study of Earth’s history. 8. Describe the work of three types of paleontologists. Section 2 1. Use fossils‚ trace fossil‚ and index fossils in the same sentence. 2. Identify five ways in which different types of fossils form. 3. Describe three types of trace fossils. 4.
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A Definition Of Civilization by Philip Atkinson All Human inventions are first thoughts before they become things. So the creations of communities such as cities‚ governments‚ armies‚ as well as communal achievements such as conquests and discoveries— everything that goes to make a civilization — must spring from a community ’s thoughts. Hence: Civilization: is the tangible expression of a communal understanding. Communal Understanding: is that single understanding allowed by the set of values
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A Case Study of Australia’s Megafauna Name extinct species and modern relative: Distinct Specie: Diprodoton optatum Modern Relative: (the common wombat )Vombatus ursinus Morphology difference: The Diprodoton was around the same size of the modern day rhinoceros‚ where as the common day wombat is significantly smaller in size‚ closer to the size of a soccer ball. The limbs of the modern wombat are significantly shorter in proportion than the pillar-like limbs of the Diprotondon.
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Chapter 34 Vertebrates Overview: Half a Billion Years of Backbones * Vertebrates are named for vertebrae‚ the series of bones that make up the vertebral column or backbone. * There are about 52‚000 species of vertebrates‚ far fewer than the 1 million insect species on Earth. * Plant-eating dinosaurs‚ at 40‚000 kg‚ were the heaviest animals to walk on land. * The biggest animal that ever existed is the blue whale‚ at 100‚000 kg. * Humans and our closest relatives are
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