transferable between bacteria. This transfer of plasmids between bacteria is actually extremely helpful for them and are key in their survival. The plasmid that codes for the Green Fluorescent Proteins is accompanied with a gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. To ‘switch on’ the gene for fluorescence caused by the proteins‚ sugar arabinose must be added to the bacteria’s environment. If there is no sugar arabinose introduced to the plates‚ then the bacteria will appear white and will not glow
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Section 1: Infections in Healthcare Settings Essay. Nosocomial infections‚ hospital acquired infections‚ are an on-going concern to healthcare professionals. These infections are one of the major causes of death in hospitalised patients and are a significant burden on not only the patient’s and the public’s health (as organisms causing nosocomial infections can be transmitted to the community through discharged patients‚ staff and visitors) but also the economy. A nosocomial infection is an infection
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P ≤0.1 for the EPSA. At the concentrations administered‚ the extract was active against both EPSA and EPEC isolates. These results present the herb‚ P. amarus as a possible biotechnological tool in the field of herbal medicine for the control of antibiotic-resistant‚ entero-pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli infections. Keywords: Entero-pathogenic bacteria‚ Phyllanthus amarus‚ Staphylococcus aureus and Escherica coli. Introduction The use of herbs and herbal derivatives in Traditional Medicine Practices
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class is Clostridia‚ its order is clostridiales‚ its family is Peptostreptococcaceae” (Brymer). “Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming‚ Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that produces two exotoxins: toxin A and toxin B. It is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). It accounts for 15-25% of all episodes of AAD.” [1] The two toxins produced by C. diff are toxin A and toxin B. “Toxin A is an enterotoxin and cytotoxin that causes fluid secretion and increased musical permeability because
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Cross Infection Definition Cross infection is the physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person‚ object‚ or place to another‚ or from one part of the body to another (such as touching a staph-infected hand to the eye). When this cross infection occurs in a hospital or long-term care facility it is called a nosocomial infection. Community acquired infections are those contracted anywhere except a hospital or long-term care facility. Description Cross infection accounts for
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biofilms When bacteria is threatened by antibiotics treatment that can kill them‚ or when a strong immune system responses to bacteria and produce cytokines or other agents to eliminate it from the body‚ Bacteria has the choice of either staying as individual and die or change their form to make biofilms. Biofilms are communities or bacteria binds together in large groups and make a sticky mesh to make themselves resistant against antibiotics. Some drug that can kill single bacteria will not
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Urinary tract infections refer to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms within the urinary tract and its classification is usually done on the basis of infection sites:-bladder [cystitis]‚ kidney [pyelonephritis]‚ or urine [bacteriuria] and also can be asymptomatic or symptomatic (Quigley R 2009‚ Schlager TA2001). They are among the most commonly acquired bacterial infections and they account for an estimated 25-40% of the nosocomial infections (Bagshaw SM‚ Laupland KB 2006). Urinary tract infection
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antibacterial property of 2% povidone iodine‚ 10% Curcumin longa‚ 50% Syzygium cumini‚ GAM (Gentamycin‚ amoxicillin and metronidazole) antibiotic‚ chitosan and GAM-chitosan combination against Enterococcus fecalis‚ and to analyse the sustained release
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would result in less Salmonella outbreaks and would give us an alternative way‚ using bacteriophages‚ to deal with future outbreaks. Also‚ antibiotic resistance is one of the most important dangers to human health‚ threatening to make many treatments to common infections infective. This exacerbates the public health issue of Salmonella contamination because antibiotic resistance can lead to more complicated illnesses and increase the cost of health care. This research could potentially alter our global
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Toward Sustainable Chemistry Terry Collins* Chemistry has an important role to play in achieving a sustainable civilization on Earth. The present economy remains utterly dependent on a massive inward flow of natural resources that includes vast amounts of nonrenewables. This is followed by a reverse flow of economically spent matter back to the ecosphere. Chemical sustainability problems are determined largely by these economy-ecosphere materials flows (see the figure‚ below)‚ which current
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