Anthrax Pathogen Info: • Rod-shaped‚ spore-forming bacteria with square ends • Spores are inactive until they enter a live host; can survive for decades prior to infection. • Pathogenicity: • Forms a protective protein capsule to avoid phagocytosis • Anthrax toxin (all from RCSB source‚ Anthrax toxin.‚ other journals that are bookmarked) • Three parts (EF and LF attack signaling parts of cell) • Edema factor (EF) is an adenyl cyclase enzyme. It attacks ATP‚ turns it into cyclic AMP‚ and creates
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1) What is the difference between pseudoscience and scientific evidence? Pseudoscience: anything being presented‚ as scientific but is not. Usually characterized by exaggerations‚ UN falsifiable claims‚ and anecdotes. Scientific Evidence: A process of inquiry followed by a body of knowledge. 2) Describe 3 main types of scientific inquiry: 3 types of scientific inquiry. Descriptive: what’s out there? Observing‚ no manipulations of variables Comparative: Seeks to describe relationships and correlations
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Introduction To date‚ the bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most important global health threat introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and most annual mortality due to hospital infections occurs because of this challenge (1). According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report‚ carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are one of the three main antibiotic resistance threats. (2). Enterobacteriaceae are Gram-negative bacilli which cause a wide
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In taxonomy‚ Legionella pneumophila belongs to the Legionellaceae family. In addition‚ Legionella pneumophila belongs to the Legionellales order‚ the Gammaproteobacteria class‚ the Proteobacteria phylum‚ and finally the bacteria domain.1 Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative‚ rod shaped‚ nonsporing‚ aerobic‚ facultative bacillus bacterium that is naturally found in fresh water sources that have high algal and iron contents. Legionella pneumophila is mainly aquatic however; it has an aerobic metabolism
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Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 which was the first antibiotic that fights bacteria. During the 1900’s pneumonia was one of the leading killers in America prior to the discovery of penicillin. Penicillin is important as it prevents previous life-threatening infections like pneumonia‚ blood infection‚ meningitis‚ and strep throat. In addition‚ because of penicillin‚ several amputations‚ and deaths (due to infection) during the second world war decreased. Many people have benefited
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‘life’) is derived from Latin & Greek language. The term was first used by Lilly and Stillwell in 1965 to describe “substances secreted by one microorganism which stimulates the growth of another microorganism” i.e. which is exactly opposite of ‘antibiotics’‚ later in 1971 Sperti used the term probiotics to describe “tissue extracts that stimulate microbial growth”. But Parker in 1974 was first to give the term probiotic in a sense that is used now. He defined probiotic as “organisms and substances
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TITLE OF PROJECT: Effects of Chemoattractants of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Through a Capillary Tube. PROPOSED COST: $1764.90 ABSTRACT: This project will show how strong certain bacteria that are commonly found in biofilms attract to Pseudomonas aeruginosa through a capillary tube. It will test ten bacteria to see which bacteria have more chemoattractants with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . These bacteria are all motile‚ so to come together to form a biofilm‚ they must lose their ways of
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nosocomial infections account for two thirds of the 25‚000 deaths annually. Typically nosocomial infections result in blood stream infections‚ urinary tract infections and severe pneumonia. Most of these resulting infections have been known to exhibit antibiotic treatment resistance. The bacteria strains behind these infections are quickly evolving into Gram negative bacteria which is typically infecting people outside the health care facility. These health care associated infections being widely prevalent
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likely its being spread to other patients. Enterococcus faecalis can cause endocarditis‚ bacteremia‚ urinary tract infections‚ meningitis and other hospital related infections. Unfortunately‚ Enterococcus faecalis is resistant to most commonly used antibiotics like cephalosporins and aminoglycosides‚ and a new study suggests that its becoming more resistant to vancomysin. Treatment for an infection by Enterococcus faecalis would be amoxicillin if the organism is susteptible. Treatment for Enterococcus
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When people think toxic shock syndrome they often automatically think women and tampons‚ but in reality it can affect men‚ children‚ and postmenopausal women. Toxic shock syndrome is rare‚ but it is also life threatening. It often results from complications of types of bacterial infections such as toxins from Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococcus bacteria. Toxic shock syndrome is associated with having viral infections‚ having cuts or burns on the skin‚ having recent surgery‚ using contraceptive
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