of Monoclonal Antibodies BTEC 221 Prepared by: Sandipkumar R. Italiya (300782816) Submitted to: Dr. Charanjit Bambra Monoclonal antibody technology becomes very useful in every day operations in different fields‚ involving mainly in the medical field‚ furthermore very much contribution in academic as well as in business part among the others. Main applications of monoclonal antibodies are mentioned below‚ even now holding limitlessness of the benefits of monoclonal antibodies. In Cancer Treatment
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1. What are antibodies and why are antibodies ideal for targeting? An antibody‚ also known as an immunoglobulin‚ is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target‚ termed an antigen.[1][2] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (a structure analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen
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Briefly describe the four categories of antibody effector functions. One of the several means of protection of the body against pathogens is the activation of B cells and their generation of antibodies. These antibodies can be involved in four main functions: neutralization‚ opsonization‚ complement fixation and mediation of cytotoxicity. Neutralizing antibodies are the ones that block pathogens from gaining access to the cell by binding to receptors that the pathogen uses for this purpose. In
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An Investigation in Monoclonal Antibodies Meena Henen Introduction One of the major medical concerns of the century has been finding a cure for cancer. Scientists have made progress in solving the cancer puzzle with the innovation of procedures such as chemotherapy and various scanning methods‚ but no one has yet found a definite solution. Possibly the newest discovery in the cancer field has been monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Nicknamed “magic bullets‚” mAbs have
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------------------------------------------------- Audio-Visual Presentation Unified Document Group 4: “Lugue Kayo!” Topic: “Using antibody-antigen interaction for diagnostics and other purposes” Members and Fields of Study: Mark Louie Lugue – Scientific Interaction of Antigens and Antibodies Interaction Used in Diagnostics James Pe Lim – Pros and Cons of this Biotechnology Ria Iestin Corral – Antibody and Antigen Descriptions Hessen Demil Jao – Interaction Used in Diagnostics Johann Erin de
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1. Explain what clonal selection theory is and its role in humoral or antibody-mediated immunity. Clonal selection theory is a rationalization for the growth of lymphocyte specificity and diversity during immune development. This theory demonstrates how immunological memory can deliver a fast reaction when coming into contact with an antigen that has been seen for the second time. Specifically‚ the clonal selection theory is based on the concept that premature‚ undifferentiated lymphocytes in the
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html An antibody also known as an immune globulin (Ig) is a protein that a B Lymphocyte secretes in response to a non-self antigen. Every antibody is a Y-shaped molecule‚ made of four polypeptide chains (quaternary). Every mammal is able to make millions of different antibodies each with a different pair of binding sites for one type of antigen only. Antibodies are produced by white blood cells; they are used to help fend of attacks by pathogens. The antibodies are created using
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| ..What are antibiotics? ..What kinds are there‚ and how do they work?..Antibacterials..Penicillins and cephalosporins ..Erythromycin and its relatives ..Sulfa drugs ..Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole ..Other bacteria killers..Nitrofurantoin ..Aminoglycosides ..Polymyxin B..Antivirals..What can we do about viruses -- if anything? ..Acyclovir ..AZT and Other Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors ..Protease Inhibitors ..Why you shouldn’t use antibiotics for a cold What are antibiotics
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followed by an enzyme-labeled antibody. This type of assay generally makes measurement of crude samples difficult‚ since contaminating proteins compete for plastic binding sites. Indirect ELISA (2) Indirect ELISAs also involve attachment of the antigen to a solid phase‚ but in this case‚ the primary antibody is not labeled. An enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody‚ directed at the first antibody‚ is then added. This format is used most often to detect specific antibodies in sera. Competitive ELISA
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Antigens vs. antibodies An antibody is a protein produced by a host to bind to foreign particles and inactivate them. Ideally‚ the antibody binds to only their specific antigen. Antigens are defined as anything that makes the immune system respond by producing antibodies. They are often viruses‚ bacteria‚ or fungi‚ but can sometimes be dust‚ chemicals‚ pollen‚ or food proteins that cause allergic reactions. (Antigens that cause allergic reactions are called allergens). An epitope is the part of
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