may enter the wound from the air in the OR(operating room)‚ or from the instruments or surgeon(s) that come into contact with the wound. Skin bacteria are1 always present despite the throughness of the preparation of the skin. The largest inoculums of bacteria at the surgical site occur when the operation involves a body structure that ordinarily is heavily colonized by bacteria‚ such as the bowel. Procedures involving the female genital tract will encounter 106 – 107 bacterial/ml. 29
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What do you think of laughter therapy? The elation you feel when you laugh is a great way of combating the physical effects of stress‚ and can help you to cope with and survive a stressful lifestyle. When we laugh‚ our body relaxes and endorphins are released into the blood stream. For years‚ the use of humor has been used in medicine. Surgeons used humor to distract patients from pain as early as the 13th century. Later‚ in the 20th century‚ came the scientific study of the effect of humor on physical
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The possible etiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematous for Miss MC is her positive familial history of autoimmune disease as evidenced by her father having rheumatoid arthritis. It is said that genetic factors increase the possibility of developing autoimmune diseases. Moreover‚ autoimmune diseases such as lupus‚ rheumatoid arthritis‚ and autoimmune thyroid disorders are more common among relatives of people with lupus than the general population. (1) Though SLE and RA are different kind of autoimmune
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Behavioral Science 1. The immune system is not an autonomous system. This discovery was confirmed by demonstrating that the immune system can be altered by which of the following? A. Stress B. Suppressed emotions C. Diet D. Conditioning E. Relaxation The answer is: D R. Ader and N. Cohen discovered that the immune system could be conditioned by neutral taste stimuli. The immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CY) was used in a taste aversion study to cause nausea and vomiting. They
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Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome When you think of your body attacking itself‚ what comes to mind? Many people have a hard time understanding how your own body would attack itself and how it would do it. Your immune system plays a big role in your everyday life to help protect you from the outside world to prevent you from getting infected with any living bacteria or virus. Your body is capable of producing and breaking down many things‚ but it’s also capable of destroying itself with autoimmune
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Describe the inflammatory response initiated by an infection. The body is designed to defend itself against invading bacteria‚ and infection. The skin and mucous membranes are the first line of defence‚ the invasion of foreign bacteria can pass this first line of defence and immediately triggers the second line of defence. The second line of defence is the inflammatory response (McCance & Huether‚ 2009). The mechanism of the inflammatory response is to protect the injured site by killing the
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Humor and Healing: The Mind-Body Connection "As it is not proper to cure the eyes without the head‚ nor the head without the body; so neither is it proper to cure the body without the soul." Socrates(Cousins‚ 56) The word‚ to heal‚ comes from the root word "haelen" which means to make whole. Bringing together the body‚ mind and spirit can be healing. The word humor itself is a word of many meanings. The root of the word is "umor" meaning liquid or fluid (Moyers‚ 221). In the Middle Ages‚ humor
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Research into the effects of stress on the immune system There have been various studies into the effects of stress on the immune system. Kiecolt-Glaser researches this by looking at how quickly wounds heal. She used 13 women aged 47-81 who cared for Alzheimer’s and Dementia sufferers. They had naturally occurring high stress levels‚ and this is why she chose them. The women were matched with volunteers for maximum similarity (the matched pairs design). Kiecolt-Glaser tested all the women’s
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1a) In the normal immune system‚ describe two features of self-tolerance as applied to T cells and B cells (ie. central tolerance‚ peripheral tolerance‚ suppression‚ anergy‚ etc.). Central tolerance is the process which occurs in the primary lymphoid organs of the thymus for T cells and the bone marrow for B cells‚ where B and T cells which recognize and react to self-antigens are destroyed‚ through apoptosis (McCance & Huether‚ 2014). The process were a B or T cell reacts to self-antigen is called
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Acne Vulgaris is a disease of the epidermal pilosebaceous follicles involving inflammatory and non-inflammatory clinical lesions in the skin. The multifactorial pathogenesis of acne includes sebum‚ ductal epidermal hyperproliferation‚ colonization of Proprionibacterium acnes and inflammation . Research has shown‚ P. acnes is not the cause of Acne Vulgaris‚ but is a significant contributing factor to the inflammation stage of this disease . Sebum secretion upsurge‚ during times such as puberty‚
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