AP: CHAPTER 43: IMMUNE SYSTEM 1. List the two lines of nonspecific defense mechanisms with examples of each. • External defense‚ which includes the skin and mucous membranes in the body. • Internal defense which includes phagocytic cells and antimicrobial proteins. 2. What is meant by specific defense? Defense mechanisms are said to be specific because depending on which one they focus on one specific part of the body or a specific type of pathogen. 3. Give examples of “barrier defense
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Chapter 1 1. The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms‚ which he called "animalcules"‚ was A) Redi B) van Leeuwenhoek C) Pasteur D) Tyndall 2. The idea of Spontaneous Generation postulated that A) organisms could evolve into the next generation of organisms B) organisms could spontaneously combust C) organisms could spontaneously arise from other living organisms D) living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material 3. The work of Tyndall
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………. 2 LIFE CYCLE OF Loa loa ……………………………………………………………...4 PATHOLOGY of Loa loa …………………………………………………………………… 6 IMMUNE
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Lupus Lupus erythematosus is a disease where a person’s immune system attacks the body’s own organs and tissues. It causes inflammation of connective tissue which holds different structures of the body in place. This disease is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. There are two types of lupus erythematosus which are discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus happens in both males and females of all ages‚ but it is most commonly found in women. Half a million
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correctly answered: d. All of these answers are correct. 3. Which of the following statements about blood types is correct? You correctly answered: d. A person with type O blood has two recessive alleles and has neither the type A nor type B antigen. 4. Antibodies to the A and B antigens are Your answer : c. present on red blood cell membranes. Correct answer: a. found preformed in the blood plasma. 03/07/13 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: If the patient’s blood type
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produces antibodies specific to an antigen 3. __F___ Initiate the secondary immune response 4. __B___ Part of cell-mediated immunity. Bind to cells presenting “self” antigen on MHCI complexes and destroy them. 5. _A____ Antigen presenting cells that present antigen on MHCI or MHCII complexes and activate T cells 6. __C___ Circulating lymphocytes that go through the process of phagocytosis when they encounter foreign antigen 7. _D____ Directly destroy antibody-coated cells through antibody-dependent
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negative effects. Type O blood is the universal donor. This is true because the type O red blood cells do not have any antigen on them that would be attacked by the Anti A-Antibody on the type B red blood cell. 5. A-The white blood cell described is a Lymphocyte and functions to regulate immune responses. It also produces antibodies cancer cells‚ and other infectious microbes. B- The white blood cell described is a Basophil and functions is to intensify the overall inflammatory response 6. White
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complex technical problems and achieve more success. Frequently we find millionaires cling close to their doctors for they seldom have enough exercises to bring forth better health. Their lack of exercises slackens the readiness of growth of the antibodies to resist the attack of diseases. So‚ my argue is that health is more important than wealth for if we do not have health‚ what can we benefit from wealth Health is wealth!". This is an old saying which the majority applaud. As a rule‚ the wealthier
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products eventually may reach the placenta‚ where fetal IgM antibodies may already be present.2 Forty percent of pregnancies involve fetal IgM antibodies‚ but through isotype switching‚ the IgM antibodies can convert to IgG antibodies‚ which can pass through the placenta.2‚5 The fetus is not immunocompetent and can only respond to IgM antibodies.5 Such compromise may result in premature birth or miscarriage. In addition to these antibodies‚ cytokines attempting to combat the infection cause tissue
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Introduction Pernicious anemia (PA) is a type of macrocytic normochromic anemia. It is a slow-developing disorder with the underlying cause of Vitamin B12 absorption and deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor (IF). Vitamin B12 absorption is facilitated by IF‚ which binds B12 in the duodenum‚ forming the IF-vitamin-B12 complex‚ later recognized by receptors and absorbed in the jejunum (Anderson‚ et al.‚ 445). A consequence of vitamin B-12 deficiency is altered DNA replication and erythropoiesis
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