breastfeeding is breast-milk is specifically formulated for each individual infant by each mother. The composition of breast-milk is constantly changing to meet the changing demands of an infant. Breast-milk contains the exact amount of nutrients and antibodies that each infant requires for good physical health. Moreover‚ breastfeeding has been proven to strengthen an infant’s immune system and prevent illnesses and infections‚ extending this protection throughout the child’s life. In addition‚ breastfeeding
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active and passive immunity is in regards to immunization? Active immunity is a form of immunity that develops after a primary immune response which is a response to exposure to a live pathogen and development of symptoms. The cells produce the antibodies themselves. Passive immunity is a form of immunity in which a person’s cells do not produce the
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What is AIDS? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (slowly-replicating retrovirus) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‚ a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive (1). A virus is a piece of genetic material‚ RNA or DNA‚ surrounded by a protein coat. To replicate‚ a virus must infect a cell and direct its cellular machinery to produce new viruses. A virus cannot
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Most people think of organs like the heart‚ kidney‚ lung‚ and liver when they think of transplants‚ but skin grafting is just as common in the medical field. Skin grafting is the transplantation of skin to another part of the body. Skin harvesting and transplantation techniques began nearly 3000 years ago with the Hindu Tilemaker Caste‚ where they used skin grafting to rebuild noses that were cut off from judicial punishment (Grande & Mezebish‚ 2008). In the mid 1900s‚ rodents were used to study
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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies produced by your immune system stimulate your thyroid to overproduce hormones. To attain a better idea of Graves’ disease‚ attention has to be given to how the thyroid works.The thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland under the laryngeal prominence or adam’s apple‚ that is responsible for secreting thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that increase the body’s metabolic rate. The thyroid is regulated by the hypothalamus
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compare and contrast the groups in the data. It is also interesting to see genotypes compare to two different types of hepatitis C. Also‚ patients with hepatitis caused by alcohol or primary biliary cirrhosis will be interesting to see their HCV antibody levels as control group. I rejected my hypothesis because acute hepatitis C and non hepatitis showed similar that it is less than 3000 cpm for hepatitis patients and blood donors. If it is greater than 3‚549 cpm‚ it will show that it is positive
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Faculty of Medicine MAHSA UNIVERSITY STUDY GUIDE Block: Genetics‚ Immunology & Molecular Medicine (GIM) Session: 2013/2014 Semester 1 (Year 1) MBBS PROGRAM Block Coordinator: Dr Selvi Palasubramaniam CONTENTS 1. Teaching Staff & Contacts 2 2. Academic calendars MBBS Session 2013 / 2014 3 3
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The Search for better health – notes on all parts except first hand pracs • Discuss difficulties in defining the terms health and disease. Health is defined as the complete physical‚ physiological‚ mental and social wellbeing of an organism. It is not merely the absence of disease. Disease can be defined as a state which prevents correct functioning or impairs bodily function. It is difficult to define these terms as they are very subjective and dynamic‚ i.e. they differ from person
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main objective of this study is to compare the treatment of ELISA results and RIA results. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of antigens by use of antibodies. An alternate method to RIA is ELISA‚ where the antigen-antibody reaction is measured using colorimetric signals instead of a radioactive signal. The data from the RIA will have been processed by the gamma counter onboard software and counts per minute (CPMs) will have been converted
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Since it’s first introduction in the year 1983‚ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has very rapidly become a fundamental tool for improving the health and human life. PCR was developed by Dr. Kary Mullis‚ who was at the time working for Cetus Corporation as a chemist. PCR is the quick and efficient method for making unlimited copies of each and every inch of DNA. It can also be adapted to allow amplification of RNA samples as well as DNA samples from any type of organism. PCR is simplified into a 3-step
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