Mammalian defence against infectious disease can be non-specific‚ otherwise known as innate‚ or specific (adaptive). Non-specific defence can be further categorised into external (preventive) or internal (defensive). Innate defence can be physical‚ chemical or biological. The skin‚ commensal organisms (e.g. bacteria)‚ mucous membranes and hair contribute to the physical mechanism of the body’s non-specific defence against disease. These prevent disease from entering the mammal’s body by acting
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lowers blood pressure‚ reduces stress hormones‚ increases muscle flexion‚ and boosts immune function by raising levels of infection-fighting T-cells‚ disease-fighting proteins called Gamma-interferon and B-cells‚ which produce disease-destroying antibodies. D. Laughter also triggers the release of endorphins‚ the body’s natural painkillers‚ and produces a general sense of well-being. E. Laughter is the best medicine. II. Body A. Laughter activates the Immune System. 1. First sub
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infection to provide immunological memory are called ________. a. memory cells 8. A body wide‚ acute‚ allergic response that is fairly rare is called ________. a. Anaphylactic shock 9. What is it called when the body produces antibodies and sensitized T cells that attack and damage its own tissues? a. autoimmune disorder 10. Tissue grafts taken from unrelated persons are called __________. a. allografts 11. Small proteins that diffuse to nearby cells and bind
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the immune system‚ allergy shots work to change how the immune system may react to the presence of an allergen‚ produces special immune cells that regulate the response of said system to allergens‚ and promotes the construction of antibodies that prevent allergen antibodies from releasing histamine‚ a common allergy causing particle. (4) The expression of genes is also something that is significantly affected. This leads to different kinds of cells being produces‚ ones that react to allergens differently
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Anaphylactic Shock Medical Diagnosis: Shock Anaphylactic Shock Medical Diagnosis: Shock Nursing interventions 1. Nurse will perform patient teaching on avoiding further exposure to antigens. 2. Nurse will perform patient/family teaching on how to administer emergency medications to treat anaphylaxis. Nursing interventions 1. Nurse will perform patient teaching on avoiding further exposure to antigens. 2. Nurse will perform patient/family teaching on how to administer emergency medications
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against diseases. One example given was the polio vaccine‚ which has decreased the numbers of cases from the thousands to now hundreds (Beckham‚ M. 2005). How do they work? Normally the human body neutralizes the effects of outside invaders with antibodies or lymphocytes that prevent a person from getting sick. The problem is that our immune system can take a few days to a week before triggering an immune response‚ and when a person encounters a serious infectious disease‚ it can be life threatening
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IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES: Immunochemistry is an advanced area of immunology. It deals with the chemical components and chemistry (chemical reactions) of immunological phenomena that is of antibody and antigen. Immunochemical methods are processes utilizing the highly specific affinity of an antibody for its antigen. It detects the distribution of a given protein or antigen in tissues or cells. The methods used for the immunochemical analysis are called Immunochemical techniques. Characteristics/Advantages
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antiserum is often used in A) indirect fluorescent antibody tests. C) complement fixation test. B) direct fluorescent antibody tests. D) radioimmunoassay. 2. The patient’s serum is heated in the complement fixation test in order to A) activate antibodies. C) inactivate complement. B) remove antibodies. D) remove antigens. 3. The change from negative serum‚ without antibodies specific to an infecting agent‚ to positive serum‚ containing antibodies against that infecting agent‚ is called A) complement
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binding assays for antibody or antigen and both work on the same principle‚ but the means of detecting specific binding is different. Radioimmunoassays are commonly used to measure the levels of hormones in blood and tissue fluids‚ while ELISA assays are frequently used in viral diagnostics. For both these methods one needs a pure preparation of a known antigen or antibody‚ or both‚ in order to standardize the assay. This assay will be described with a sample of pure antibody‚ but the principle
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Rh and Kell phenotyping (antigen typing) using the Diamed Gel Card system. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the conventional tube system. Direct Coombs Test (DCT) using the Diamed Gel Card system. Antibody Identifications (IAT) technique using the conventional tube system. Antibody Identifications (ETC) technique using the Diamed Gel Card system. Name: S. Ward Date: 8/11/2012 Introduction: The objective of this practical is to perform some pretransfusion tests‚ using various
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