The Church has held Mary’s perpetual virginity as a dogma‚ and it is also true that it has brought about distrust and doubt. This skepticism towards Mary’s virginity has grown through out the history of man kind. At the very heart of this dogma lies the credence of the Church and of the Magisterium‚ who have the proficiency to maintain Mary’s perpetual virginity as an absolute truth. This upholding has perpetually led to the debate of whether Mary‚ Mother of Jesus‚ was in fact a virgin through out
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First Vatican Council This council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Aeterni Patris of 29 June 1868. The first session was held in St. Peter’s basilica on 8 December 1869 in the presence and under the presidency of the Pope. The purpose of the council was‚ besides the condemnation of contemporary errors‚ to define the Catholic doctrine concerning the Church of Christ. In fact‚ in the three following sessions‚ there was discussion and approval of only two constitutions: Dogmatic Constitution
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phenomenon‚ many who endured the heart-ache of a broken home syndrome may reject committement or marriage and family never realize how cherished this institution was in history. In the history of marriage there was no such exertion of free will until Pius IV’s 1563 bull at the Council of Trent‚ prompted by the Protestant Reformation‚ relaxed rules. More often than not‚ Renaissance marriage arrangements remained pretty much the way they had been set up in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. As this is a sensitive
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of Augustus‚ in 27BC which marked the end of the Roman Republic and it ended in 180AD at the death of Marcus Aurelius. There were five emperors that ruled during this period more well known as The Five Good Emperors‚ Nerva‚ Trajan‚ Hadrian‚ Antonius Pius and Marcus Aurelius all from the Antony Dynasty. Nevertheless the peace did not start immediately because the fighting continued in Spain and the Alps. The Pax Romana was not immediate‚ despite the end of the Civil War‚ because fighting continued in
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Elizabeth the First’s full name is Lady Elizabeth Tudor‚ however‚ she is most commonly referred to as Elizabeth I. This means that she was the first queen named Elizabeth to rule England. We don’t know much about her childhood or her life at all. Much of what we know is how popular of a queen she was. Elizabeth’s name has become a synonym for the era of her rule (1559-1603). She was born on September 7‚ 1533 to famous King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn‚ one of his many wives at Greenwich Palace
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The Storming of the Bastille[change | change source] A sans-coulotte‚ a radical revolutionary‚ carrying a tricolor flag. In July 1789‚ after the National Assembly was formed‚ the nobility and the king were angry with Jacques Necker‚ the Director-General of Finances‚ and they fired him. Many Parisians thought the King was going to try to shut down the National Assembly. Soon‚ Paris was filled with riots and looting. On 14 July 1789‚ the people decided to attack the Bastille prison. The Bastille
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Documents later showed up saying that Galileo had suffered neither imprisonment nor torture. The sentence was decreed and he was never held in prison. When he moved back to Florence‚ he made a request to be allowed to go to a church to attend mass‚ he was never excommunicated by the church for his believes in science. His remains were buried at the Church entrance when he died. In 1820‚ the censorship of Copernicanism was withdrawn by the Holy Office‚ taken on the discoveries made by two Italian
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Ancient Roman Calendars [pic] The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. This article generally discusses the early Roman or ’pre-Julian’ calendars. The calendar used after 46 BC is discussed under the Julian calendar. In order to keep the calendar year roughly aligned with the solar year‚ a leap month of 27 days‚ the Mensis Intercalaris‚ sometimes also known as Mercedonius or Mercedinus‚ was added from time to
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1625: Earliest documented attack by Barbary pirates on American merchant ships. 1678: Algerian pirates seize 14 ships from American colonies. September 1783: Algerian pirates attack American ships on their way back from peace talks with Britain. Americans assume that Britain is paying the Pirates to attack them. October 1784: The Betsy‚ a 300-ton ship from Boston‚ is attacked 100 miles from Africa’s western coast‚ in the Atlantic. The ship’s sailors are captured‚ chained and carted off to slave
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In 1558‚ the Roman Catholic Queen Mary (Kathy Burke) dies of a cancerous tumour in her uterus‚ leaving her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth (Cate Blanchett) as queen. Elizabeth had previously been jailed for a supposed conspiracy to murder Mary but has now been freed for her coronation. The film shows Elizabeth being courted by suitors‚ including Henry‚ Duc d’Anjou (Vincent Cassel)‚ the future King Henry III of France‚ whom she rejects‚ and urged by William Cecil‚ 1st Baron Burghley (Richard Attenborough)
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