Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system is consists of the heart and network of arteries‚ veins‚ and capillaries that transport blood throughout the body. There are two primary circulatory loops in the human body: the pulmonary circulation loop and the systemic circulation loop. The heart is a muscular organ about the size of a closed fist that functions as the body’s circulatory pump. It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it
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flow to your limbs. PAD develops in your extremities‚ more commonly your legs‚ which can make walking become painful‚ also known as claudication. 2.) Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is when the aortic valve‚ which is between the aorta and left ventricle of the heart‚ becomes narrow. This narrowing makes it more difficult for blood to flow through the valve and can cause a lot of strain on the heart. The left ventricle can become enlarged and not function properly leading to reduced blood flow to the heart
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Proposal Letters Components of a good letter proposal: Ask for the gift: The letter should begin with a reference to your prior contact with the funder‚ if any. State why you are writing and how much funding is required from the particular foundation. Describe the need: In a much abbreviated manner‚ tell the funder why there is a need for this project‚ piece of equipment‚ etc. Explain what you will do: Just as you would in a fuller proposal‚ provide enough detail to pique the funder’s interest. Describe
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1 Discuss in general which assessment findings would alert you to the need for immediate intervention. (When you notify a physician immediately‚ or call the rapid response team). You notify the physician or rapid response team in early clinical changes in condition that occur in most patients for up to 48 hours before a code blue. Therefore observe for‚ document‚ and communicate early indicators of patient decline‚ including decreasing blood pressure‚ increasing heart rate‚ decreased respirations
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results in a reduction of arterial elasticity and an increased propensity for morbidity and mortality due to the impairment of the cardiovascular system’s hemodynamics. Implicated in this impairment as a direct consequence of the calcification are aortic stenosis (narrowing)‚ hypertension (high blood pressure)‚ congestive heart failure‚ cardiac hypertrophy (enlarged heart)‚ myocardial ischemia‚ and general compromised structural integrity of the heart. Arterial calcification consists mainly of apatite
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exercising‚ managing their diet‚ receiving annual influenza vaccinations and quitting smoking if required (NICE‚ 2016). Surgical intervention may be necessary in patients whose heart failure is due to severe aortic stenosis. They can undergo aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (NHS‚ 2016). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used after surgery to aid the transition from cardiopulmonary bypass to ventilation (NICE‚
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and became unresponsive within minutes. Post mortem examination showed no stigmata of infective endocarditis externally. On the internal examination‚ his heart weighed 410 grams. The aortic valve was dilated with crumbly mobile vegetation on the left aortic cusp measured 1cm x 1cm x 0.8cm (figure 1A). The left aortic cusp was eroded. Vegetation on other cusps was small. There was part of the vegetation occluded the left ostia extended to the left main stem coronary artery which measured 1cm in length
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tricuspid valve - anterioreeee)Posterior cusp of tricuspid ffff)Conus arteriosusgggg)Anterior cusp of tricuspid valvehhhh)Septomarginal trabeculaiiii)Anterior papillary muscle - right ventriclejjjj)Myocardium of right ventricle kkkk) What do the letters AV represent when describing the mitraland/or tricuspid valves‚ and how do the letters AV indicateheart valve location? Atrioventricular Valve: Between theatrium and ventricle llll) What specific role does the tricuspid valve serve?
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CARIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular System BSC1011 Advanced Biology Tuesday‚ January 17‚ 2012 Cardiovascular System The heart weighs 300 grams and is shaped like a grapefruit and has two atria‚ two ventricles‚ and four valves receive blood from both venae cavae and the four pulmonary veins‚ and throw it into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The heart pumps blood to 9 liters per day‚ making from 60 to 160 beats per minute. The heart is covered with a dense fibrous
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of the facial muscles‚ hands‚ and feet (chorea). In severe cases‚ this condition can cause problems with the heart. These problems may include: • Inflammation of the heart (carditis). • Mitral valve narrowing (mitral stenosis). • Aortic valve narrowing (aortic stenosis). • Leaky heart valves that allow blood to flow in the wrong direction (regurgitation). • Heart failure. • Atrial fibrillation. This is a fast‚ irregular beating of the upper chambers of the
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