3. Study Organism: The organism studied in this experiment was the bottle nosed dolphin‚ specifically its aortic valve and left ventricle. 4. What the authors are studying: This paper is investigating the stroke volume and cardiac output of bottle nose dolphins at rest and 1‚ 3‚ and 4 minutes after exercise. They used “transthoracic ultrasound Doppler’s at the level of the aortic valve” to “compare blood flow velocities in the left
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During clinical I got the chance to be able to observe surgeries that were schedule to happen in the operating room. The surgery I observed was an aortic valve replacement with the patient being put on cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient being put on the cardiopulmonary bypass machine will help reduce damage to the tissues and heart. Along with being on this machine the heart will need to be cooled and the core body temperature. The heart can be cooled in two different ways‚ which are pouring cold
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The clinical treatments described and recommended in this publication are based on research and consultation with nursing‚ medical‚ and legal authorities. To the best of our knowledge‚ these procedures reflect currently accepted practice. Nevertheless‚ they can’t be considered absolute and universal recommendations. For individual applications‚ all recommendations must be considered in light of the patient’s clinical condition and‚ before administration of new or infrequently used drugs‚
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chambers‚ valves‚ and the vessels through which
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referred to as a ventricular septal defect (VSD). The location of the VSD in relation to the aorta and/ or pulmonary artery is used to classify the four different types of DORV. Other defects that may also be seen in these infants are pulmonary artery stenosis and transposition of the great vessels. Clinical presentation
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A complete‚ schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions. Latin: systema respiratorium The respiratory system (or ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. The primary function of the respiratory system is to
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Match each structure listed on the left with the correct letter in the figure. g j r u b k d n a 1. right atrium 2. right ventricle 3. left atrium c a b o 4. left ventricle 5. superior vena cava 6. inferior vena cava 7. ascending aorta 8. aortic arch 9. brachiocephalic artery 10. left common carotid artery 11. left subclavian artery 12. pulmonary trunk 13. right pulmonary artery 14. left pulmonary artery 15. ligamentum arteriosum 16. right pulmonary veins 17. left pulmonary veins 18. right
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What are the characteristics of ventricular fibrillation? 2. Describe the changes in atrial pressure‚ ventricular pressure‚ aortic pressure and ventricular volume that occur during the various stages of the cardiac cycle. Illustrate when the various valves are open or closed. 3. In order for both of the semilunar valves to be open: a) P (pulmonary artery) < P (right ventricle) and P (aorta) > P (left ventricle) b) P (pulmonary artery) < P (right ventricle) and P (aorta)
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the myocardium and is composed of the muscle which contracts. In the inner layer which is also called endocardium tends to keep in contact with the blood the heart pumps. It merges with the inner lining endothelium of blood vessels and covers heart valves. Your heart has 4 chambers. The upper chambers are called the left and right atria‚ and the lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. A wall of muscle called the septum separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles
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(circumference of 3.14 cm) and mitral (4.71 cm) valves were smaller than average (10-12.5 and 8-10.5 cm‚ respectively)‚ while his aortic (9.42 cm) valve was larger than normal (6-7.5 cm). Investigating further‚ dissection revealed myocardium hypertrophy in the left ventricle. There were also calcified plaques in the superior portion of the left anterior descending artery and in the proximal portion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Moderate aortic arteriosclerosis was observed as well in
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