Introduction Enzymes are catalytic proteins. The purpose of a catalyst is to speed up metabolic reactions by lowering the free energy of activation or activation energy. Activation energy is known as the amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier‚ so that the downhill part of the reaction can begin (Campbell 151). In an enzyme catalyzed reaction‚ the enzyme binds to its substrate‚ which is the reactant an enzyme acts on. In the reactions‚ the enzymes are very specific
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CHAPTER 14 1. Norm of reaction: the phenotypic range that a genotype is associated with due to environmental influences. 2. Multifactorial: characters that have many factors‚ both genetic and environmental‚ collectively influence phenotype. 3. Pleiotropy: when a gene controls multiple phenotypic effects 4. Epistasis: When a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus 5. Carrier: a person who is heterozygous for a recessive disease and therefore
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40) Describe the structure of a mammalian respiratory system. Include in your discussion the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration. In mammals‚ oxygen first passes through the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is covered with mucus and cicilia to filter the air. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx. The pharynx consists of the eustachian tube and the tonsils. The inhaled air then passes to the larynx‚ trachea‚ and bronchi. The bronchi lead to the bronchioles in the lungs. In the lungs the pleural
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AP Bio Lab Report Osmosis and Diffusion Introduction When a substance is released into an area‚ the random movement of its molecules results in a multitude of collisions. These collisions‚ in turn‚ lead to a dispersion of the molecules. The overall movement of the molecules will be from an area of high concentration‚ where there will be more collisions‚ to areas of low concentration‚ where the number of collisions will be much less. This process of dispersion will continue until there is no
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An AP U.S. History Document-Based Question (DBQ) Packet What is a DBQ? {Material borrowed from Collegboard.com} The AP U.S. History test consists of a multiple-choice section and an essay section. There are three essays to answer on the test‚ one of which is the DBQ. The DBQ an essay question that requires you to answer the question using the sources provided. You are given a mandatory 15-minute reading period at the beginning of the free-response section‚ and most of that time is
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\ Chapter 23 Reading guide 1. what is the smallest unit of evolution and why is this important to understand? The population is the smallest unit of evolution . This is important to understand because it keeps clear what is evolving. 2. Define the following terms: a. Microevolution: evolutionary change below the species level; change in the genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation. It is evolutionary change on its smallest scale b. Population: a localized group
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Ecology ➢ Climate is weather conditions of a region like temperature‚ humidity‚ precipitation‚ sunlight pressure‚ winds‚ throughout the year over a period of time ➢ Ecology – is the study of the interactions between organisms and the environment ➢ Abiotic factors –temperature and water ➢ Microclimate – a classification at the small scale variation ➢ Dispersal – movement away fro origin ➢ Macroclimate – a classification at the global and regional level
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4A- The hypothesis was partially supported because glucose left the bag and is proven by the positive test on the surrounding water. Also the beaker turned orange because of osmosis which attests to glucose leaving the bag. Iodine Potassium Iodine and water entered the bag. This was proven by the color change in the starch test as the bag turned black also because of osmosis. The only thing that the hypothesis lacked was that starch did not move at all. The beaker stayed yellow before and after because
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Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Energy and Metabolism • Organisms require the constant input of free energy and matter for growth‚ reproduction‚ and maintenance of living systems • Life requires a highly ordered system ▫ What is free energy? Energy available to do work in any system G What other types of energies do cells use? • Potential ▫ Stored energy ▫ Chemical • Kinetic ▫ Energy of motion Thermal Energy • • • • All forms of energy can be converted to heat Thermodynamics
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Hypothesis 1: It was hypothesized that the growth and seed pod production in the standard plants would increase when less competitors were present and that growth would be more affected by competition than seed pod production would be. The data in Figure 1 and Figure 2 support this hypothesis; the standard plant grew the most when it was in a container alone and‚ on average‚ produced more seeds when no competitors were present (Figure 1). Though growth and seed pod production had similar trends
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