Stomata are tiny pores found on the epidermis of the leaf‚ surrounded by guard cells. [1] Their main function is gas exchange [1] for photosynthesis and respiration. The development of stomata on the leaves of a plant is determined by interaction between different genes and environmental factors. A few studies have been conducted in order to establish a relationship between stomatal densities and given environmental factors. Research has shown that stomatal densities are controlled by environmental
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direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. 2. Gene cloning - The production of multiple copies of a gene. 3. Restriction enzyme – A degrading enzyme that recognizes and cuts up DNA (including that of certain phages) that is foreign to a bacterium. 4. Restriction site – A specific sequence on a DNA strand that is recognized as a cut site by a restriction enzyme. 5. Recombinant DNA – A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different sources. 6. Sticky ends – A single-stranded end
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Biology Guide 1. How is the human body organized? A= The levels of organization in the body include cells‚ tissues‚ organs‚ and organ systems. 2. Define cell A= Basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. Define Tissue A= Group of cells that perform a single function. 4. CHECK OUT TYPES OF TISSUE ON PG. 863 5. What’s the epithelial tissue? A= Tissue that lines the interior and exterior body surfaces. 6. Connective tissue? A= Tissue that provides support
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milk Introduction Enzymes are globular protein‚ responsible for most of the chemical activities of living organisms. They are made up of long chains of amino acids containing carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen and nitrogen (Gunsch‚ 2012). The role of enzyme is to act as catalysts‚ substances that speed up chemical reactions without being chemically altered during the process. The speeding up of chemical reactions is done by lowering the activation energy required to start a reaction. Enzymes are specific in
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The Effects of Environmental Stimuli on Animal Behavior AP Biology Emily Olsen April 26‚ 2012 I. Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to test the effect certain stimuli has on the behavior of a terrestrial isopod. These bugs are more commonly known as pill bugs and potato bugs. The objective of this experiment is to determine which kinds of habitats potato bugs favor. Potato bugs have an innate behavior called taxis which will cause the animal to move away from a stimulus that is unwanted
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CHAPTER 4: ENZYMES Enzymes are biological catalysts. There are about 40‚000 different enzymes in human cells‚ each controlling a different chemical reaction. They increase the rate of reactions by a factor of between 106 to 1012 times‚ allowing the chemical reactions that make life possible to take place at normal temperatures. They were discovered in fermenting yeast in 1900 by Buchner‚ and the name enzyme means "in yeast". As well as catalysing all the metabolic reactions of cells (such as respiration
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AP Lab Seven Genetics of Organisms Dan Torres AP Biology Block 1 January 24‚ 2011 Introduction & Background Fruit flies have made a huge contribution towards knowledge about genetics‚ but for most people‚ they are just annoying insects that are attracted to their fruit. Their scientific name is Drosophila melanogaster‚ and to scientists‚ they have been a key to understand many principles of heredity including sex linked inheritance‚ epistasis‚ multiple alleles‚ and gene mapping. Fruit
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Aulora Ellis HFST 1500-400 Abstract Abstract #1 By: Yie-Chu Foo; Cai-Lian Tam; Teck-Heang Lee. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health (IJCRIMPH). Mar2012‚ Vol. 4 Issue 3‚ p190-201. 12p. Drugs have been around for ages and it comes in many different forms throughout its existence. With changes in the forms of drugs‚ technology and other environmental factors over time‚ underlying the mechanisms causing drug abuse could have evolved too. Therefore
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Abstract: This experiment‚ which was used to explore the Theory of Evolution created by Charles Darwin. The use of natural selection was apparent in the artificial modification of an organism’s traits which aided in this investigation. Through this experiment the Wisconsin Fast Plant was used. It is a fast-growing organism developed to improve the resistance to disease in cruciferous plants. This plant aids scientist in the exploration of environmental effects on population due to the speed to
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Background Information Part 1 In the first part of the enzyme lab‚ we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together‚ we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got‚ the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increased
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