AP® BIOLOGY 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Note: At least 1 point must be earned from each of parts (a)‚ (b)‚ (c)‚ and (d) in order to earn a maximum score of 10. The ability to reproduce is a characteristic of life. (a) Describe the process of embryological development in a typical vertebrate embryo‚ beginning with a fertilized egg and ending with the development of three tissue layers. (4 points maximum) Embryological process Fertilization Cleavage (can occur in other stages)
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Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Energy and Metabolism • Organisms require the constant input of free energy and matter for growth‚ reproduction‚ and maintenance of living systems • Life requires a highly ordered system ▫ What is free energy? Energy available to do work in any system G What other types of energies do cells use? • Potential ▫ Stored energy ▫ Chemical • Kinetic ▫ Energy of motion Thermal Energy • • • • All forms of energy can be converted to heat Thermodynamics
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offspring. They are heterozygotes and normal (Rr) DISEASES a. Recessively Inherited Disorders Tay-Sachs disease * Inherited disorder in humans where the brain cells of a child with the disease cannot metabolize certain lipids because a crucial enzyme does not working properly. * As the lipids accumulate in the brain cell‚ the child beings to suffer seizures‚ blindness‚ and degeneration of motor & mental performance and dies within a few years. * Only children who inherit two copies
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Enzymes Enzymes are the sparks that start the essential chemical reactions our bodies need to live. They are necessary for digesting food‚ for stimulating the brain‚ for providing cellular energy‚ and for repairing all tissues‚ organs‚ and cells. There are three types of enzymes: metabolic enzymes‚ digestive enzymes‚ and food enzymes. Metabolic enzymes catalyse‚ or spark‚ the reactions within the cells. The body’s organs‚ tissues and cells are run by metabolic enzymes. Without them our bodies
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Cited: College Entrance Examination Board‚ AP Biology Lab Manual‚ 2001.
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40) Describe the structure of a mammalian respiratory system. Include in your discussion the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration. In mammals‚ oxygen first passes through the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is covered with mucus and cicilia to filter the air. The nasal cavity leads to the pharynx. The pharynx consists of the eustachian tube and the tonsils. The inhaled air then passes to the larynx‚ trachea‚ and bronchi. The bronchi lead to the bronchioles in the lungs. In the lungs the pleural
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Enzyme Catalysis Lab: Laboratory Write Up Problem/Question: What happens to the amounts of gas produced in a catalyzed reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide when the catalyst is mixed with an acid? Theory/Hypothesis: In this experiment the researcher and their team will be performing tests on a catalyst (proteins found in potato) to see what will happen when the catalyst in a Hydrogen Peroxide reaction is treated with an acid before the reaction occurs. The researcher hypothesizes that the after treating
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Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity By: Mayank Makwana AP Biology Mrs. Biondo September 19‚ 2012 Design Diagram Dissolved Oxygen: Title: The effect of the temperature of water on the concentration of dissolved oxygen Hypothesis: If the temperature of the water is increased‚ then the concentration of dissolved oxygen will decrease. |Independent Variable: Temperature of water (Cº)
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The process of deriving the new drug starts in the laboratory. The chemical formula of the drug are composed in the lab and also called as the vitro testing. This type of testing performed before the drug can be tested on the animals or humans. The vitro testing gives the chemical description of the new drug and formulates the base and additional supplements. After vitro testing is done‚ the vivo testing starts on the animals. This process includes testing to figure out the possible side effects
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Name __________________________________ AP Biology Period _________ Date ______________________ AP: LAB-RELATED AP EXAM ESSAYS LAB 1. OSMOSIS AND DIFFUSION ESSAY 1992 A laboratory assistant prepared solutions of 0.8 M‚ 0.6 M‚ 0.4 M‚ and 0.2 M sucrose‚ but forgot to label them. After realizing the error‚ the assistant randomly labeled the flasks containing these four unknown solutions as flask A‚ flask B‚ flask C‚ and flask D. Design an experiment‚ based on the principles of diffusion
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