acids that have folded into a specific shape with a unique property. Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction‚ therefore speeding up the process. Multiple enzymes work together in metabolic pathways‚ taking a product (end result) of one metabolic reaction as a substrate (substance or molecule at start of process) for another reaction. Metabolic pathways create the avenue for fructolysis‚ the breakdown (catabolism) of fructose‚ occurring in the liver‚ and in muscle and fat
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FRQ #4 The endomembrane system is made up of different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a cell. These membranes divide the cell into functional and structural compartments‚ or organelles. The endomembrane system has three major components; the plasma membrane‚ Golgi apparatus‚ and vesicles. The plasma membrane surrounds the outside of the cell. It is made up of a double layer of phospholipids and controls the movement of various substances into and out of the cell‚ both passively
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Diffusion is when molecules move into available space. It’s the spread of something more widely. Substances diffuse in high concentrated area to a low concentrated area. Water is one molecule that can diffuse freely in a cell. Other molecules need assistance through the cell membrane through a process called facilitated diffusion. Osmosis moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration. In osmosis water moves in the opposite way. Water flow is determined by the concentration‚ not
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Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration‚ in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.[1][2][3] It may also be used to describe a physical process in which any solvent moves‚ without input of energy‚[4] across a semipermeable membrane (permeable to the solvent‚ but not the solute) separating two solutions of different concentrations.[5] Although osmosis does
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for survival to prevent water loss Where is ABA produced and how? ABA is a naturally occurring compound in plants and is produced in the terminal bud‚ or top of the plant. It is synthesized in the Plastidal 2- C- Methyl- D- erythritol- 4- phsophate (MEP) Pathway. The production of ABA is accentuated by stresses such as water loss and freezing temperatures. It has a carbon backbone of C15 and is formed after carotenoids‚ pigments produced by the chloroplast which have 40 carbons in MEP
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Practical 1- An experiment to observe the features of an Onion Cells Method: Gather all equipment that will be used for the experiment and check that they are clean and undamaged. Using forceps‚ peel the membrane from the underside of a small piece of onion. Place the membrane flat on a clean‚ glass slide and add one drop of iodine solution. Use a pin to carefully lower the cover slip over the slide‚ ensure there are no air bubbles before the use of the slide. Set the microscope to its lowest
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The second aim of the investigation was to find out whether the initial height of the plant influences its stomatal density. Cuttings were taken from lavender plants to ensure that all the plants were genetically identical and that the only changes occurring in the stomatal density
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means that it only allows certain molecules or ions to get in or to get out of the cell. There are three types of movement of particals across the cell: diffusion(and also facilitated diffusion)‚ osmosis and active transport. Diffusion and osmosis are passive movements and they don’t require any energy. Active transport requires ATP energy. OSMOSIS is the passive movement of water molecules across a partially permeable (semipermeable) membrane‚ from a region of lower solute concentration to a region
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Scientific Paper on Diffusion 2 ABSTRACT The effect of molecular weight on the rate of diffusion was assessed using two tests: the glass tube test and the agar-water gel test. In the glass tube set-up‚ two cotton plugs soaked in two different substances (HCl and NH4OH) were inserted into the two ends of the glass tube. The substance with the lighter molecular weight value (NH4OH‚ M = 35.0459 g/mole) diffused at a faster rate (dAve = 25.8cm)‚ resulting in the formation of a white ring around the
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Date Submitted: December 09‚ 2013 ABSTRACT The number of moles formed or used up in a reaction per a unit of time is measured by chemical kinetics. Reactions proceed at different rates or speeds depending on the amount of substance and its concentration as well. The purpose of this study
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