31.1 NOTES Before the 1800s‚ people thought that illnesses were caused by spirits. Around 1850‚ however‚ that all changed with the developments that were made by three scientists. Their work provided evidence that disease is caused by germs. • In 1857‚ Louis Pasteur came up with germ theory‚ which states that diseases are caused be small‚ physical particles and not spirits. These disease-causing particles are called pathogens. Around 1865‚ Joseph Lister found that cleaning his surgical tools
Premium Immune system
Chapter 20: DNA Technology Biotechnology: Use of living organisms to perform tasks. * Wine & cheese * Selective breeding * Antibiotic production * Recombinant DNA Restriction Enzymes * Bacterial enzymes: cut up foreign DNA * Specific: only but at recognition sequences * Palindromic: cut at the same base sequence on each strand‚ but in the opposite direction * The exposed bases provide “sticky ends” * H-bond to compliment bases of segments cut with same restriction
Premium DNA Gene Protein
Molecules of Life 4 Critical large Molecules- 1.) Carbohydrates 2.)Lipids 3.)Proteins 4.) Nucleic Acids -On the molecular scale‚ members of three of these classes--- Carbohydrates‚proteins‚ and nucleic acids--- are huge and therefore called Macromolecules. - Architecture of a large biological molecule helps explain how that molecule works. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Macromolecules
Premium Polysaccharide Carbohydrate Cell wall
Chapter 1: Biology- The study of life A Hierarchy of Organization 1. Molecules 2. Organelle 3. Cell 4. Tissue 5. Organ 6. Organism Emergent Properties- Novel properties that emerge as each step up the hierarchy of biological order is taken. Reductionism- Reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study. Cells- The lowest level of structure capable of performing all the activities of life‚ all organisms are composed of cells which are the basic units of structure
Premium Atom Covalent bond Chemical bond
SEEING RED -As communism swept through Russia‚ there was a fear that labor unions were influenced by the Bolsheviks - “Red Scare” of 1919-1920 (1st Red Scare) * Crusade led by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer against the suspected communists * Thousands of Americans were arrested *Impact of the Red Scare: - Business people used it to help break unions - Sacco and Vanzetti *Two Italian immigrants (anarchists‚ atheists‚ draft dodgers) charged with murder‚ found guilty and executed
Premium Wall Street Crash of 1929 William Jennings Bryan Al Capone
Sphincter-they BOTH prevent the flowback of the food but each one of them performs a very important function. (Their functions can be seen in the Biology Textbook) 2 PHASES OF DIGESTION: CHEMICAL PHASE AND MECHANICAL PHASE OF DIGESTION under the MECHANICAL PHASE OF DIGESTION: we have Swallowing and chewing under the CHEMICAL PHASE OF DIGESTION: please refer to your Biology textbook *EGESTION(hndi ko lng sure kung ENGESTION or EGESTION s spelling)-opposite of ingestion‚ Egestion is the discharge or expulsion
Premium Digestion Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Digestive system
Chapter 29 An Overview of Land Plant Evolution 1. Describe four shared derived homologies that link charophyceans and land plants. a. The complexes that produce cellulose are rose shaped in both charophyceans and land plants. Next both have peroxisome enzymes that help minimize the loss of organic products from photorespiration. The structure of their flagellated sperm is very similar. Finally‚ both form a phragmoplast during cell division. 2. Distinguish among the kingdoms Plantae‚ Streptophyta
Premium Plant Species Eukaryote
AP Biology notes: Chapter 2- The Chemical Context of Life 1. Overview * The bombardier beetle fights the ants that plague it by using chemistry. * The natural systems and environment that organisms live in involves chemistry and physics. * Biology is not the only category of science. There is also chemistry‚ physics‚ and engineering. * Organization of life is separated into a hierarchy of structural levels. 2. Elements and Compounds * Matter- anything that takes up
Free Atom
Chapter 31: Agency Formation and Duties • Agency – a relationship between two parties in which one party (the agent) agrees to represent or act for the other party (the principal) Section 1: Agency Relationships • The Restatement (Second) or Agency (an authoritative summary of the law of agency) defines agencies as fiduciary relationships • Fiduciary – (adj) involving trust and confidence • Agency relationships commonly exist between employers and employees • Agency relationships can also
Premium Employment Contract Agency
AP Biology Cellular Respiration – Part 1 (Associated Learning Objectives: 1.15‚ 1.16‚ 2.2‚ 2.4‚ 2.5‚ 2.13‚ 2.14‚ 2.22‚ 4.1‚ 4.4‚ 4.17) Important Content from previous topics: 1) The electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions‚ occurring on a membrane‚ intended to create a concentration gradient and there in a source of potential energy. 2) Redox reactions are just the transferring of electrons from one molecule to another molecule. 3) Carbohydrates‚ sugar‚ are primary energy
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism