55. a) Cuticles on the outermost layer of angiosperms are clear‚ which allows for light to pass through. The leaf is shaped in a way that will allow it to absorb more sunlight and be more efficient. Photosynthesis takes place in the spongy parenchyma and the palisade parenchyma. In order to obtain food‚ it is controlled by the stoma which controls the passage of gas and water. b) Water and food is transported through the xylem. The water will eventually be transported to the leaf tissue while the
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Meiosis is the process in sexually reproducing organisms where cells divide. The cells produced during meiosis have half the chromosome number as the original cell. There are two cell divisions in meiosis‚ meiosis l and meiosis ll. These cell divisions produce 4 hapolid daughter cells. Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes‚ which is written as n. Meiosis consists of nine phases. In meiosis the interphase l the chromosomes replicate and the centrosome duplicates in one diploid cell
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Nitrogen Cycle Questions 1. Nitrogen is both the __most abundant element__ and in organisms it is the raw material of two main macromolecules __ammonia and nitrite which build proteins and _nitrates which build your genetic material‚ DNA. 2. In the atmosphere it is found in the form of N2 which is __nitrogen gas____. 3. These Nitrogen molecules then need to go through a process called __nitrogen fixation__ in order to be converted into molecules that living organisms can use readily. 4. Two forms
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Chapter 29 An Overview of Land Plant Evolution 1. Describe four shared derived homologies that link charophyceans and land plants. a. The complexes that produce cellulose are rose shaped in both charophyceans and land plants. Next both have peroxisome enzymes that help minimize the loss of organic products from photorespiration. The structure of their flagellated sperm is very similar. Finally‚ both form a phragmoplast during cell division. 2. Distinguish among the kingdoms Plantae‚ Streptophyta
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AP Biology Cellular Respiration – Part 1 (Associated Learning Objectives: 1.15‚ 1.16‚ 2.2‚ 2.4‚ 2.5‚ 2.13‚ 2.14‚ 2.22‚ 4.1‚ 4.4‚ 4.17) Important Content from previous topics: 1) The electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions‚ occurring on a membrane‚ intended to create a concentration gradient and there in a source of potential energy. 2) Redox reactions are just the transferring of electrons from one molecule to another molecule. 3) Carbohydrates‚ sugar‚ are primary energy
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AP Biology notes: Chapter 2- The Chemical Context of Life 1. Overview * The bombardier beetle fights the ants that plague it by using chemistry. * The natural systems and environment that organisms live in involves chemistry and physics. * Biology is not the only category of science. There is also chemistry‚ physics‚ and engineering. * Organization of life is separated into a hierarchy of structural levels. 2. Elements and Compounds * Matter- anything that takes up
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AP Biology Lab 1 Ross Lordo Introduction Questions 1. The solute potential would be -2.48. If the concentration inside the cell is .15 M‚ then would diffusion out of the cell and into the solution of .1 M. This is due to water potential and the tendency for water to move from areas of high water potential to low water potential. 2. The turgor pressure must be equal to the water potential if there is no net diffusion. The cell and environment have reached equilibrium and the movement of water
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Properties of water (+H-O+O) 1. Polar Molecule-Opposite ends attract 2. High Heat Capacity-Bonds break at high temp 3. Cohesive- Water attracts water 4. Solvent- Ability to dissolve 5. Water less dense as solid than water *Hydrogen Bond- Holds 2 molecules of water 2Geather *Covalent Bond- Holds H & O atoms 2Geather Macromolecules: 1. Carbohydrates (Grains) Monomer-Monosaccharide 3 Subs- Glucose‚ Glycogen‚ Starch -Carbon‚ Hydrogen & Oxygen 2. Protein (Polypeptide) (Red Meats)
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AP Biology Concept Checks Gina Andraos Concept Checks 1.1 1. For each biological level in Figure 1.3‚ write a sentence that includes the next “lower” level. Example: “A community consists of populations of the carious species inhabiting a specific area. ❖ The biosphere consists of all the environments that take place on Earth‚ including most regions of land‚ most bodies of water‚ as well as the ecosystems that combined to help make up the biosphere. ❖ An ecosystem consists of
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Emad Abid Dr. Fuller AP Biology 13 August 2014 Animal Behavior of Isopods 1a) Do terrestrial isopods prefer to stay in a cold or warm environment that is in a neutral (room temperature)‚ mild‚ or extreme temperature difference from room temperature? 1b) If the isopods prefer to be in a mildly warm environment‚ then when they are randomly placed between a warm and cool chamber with only one warm and cold pack (mild temperature difference) on each end of the chamber and are able to move freely‚ they
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