lacZ(makes β galactosidase) * Human cell 2. Treat both w/ the same restriction enzyme * Recognition sequence cuts through lacZ gene in plasmid 3. Mix all DNA fragments with plasmids. * H-bonds bt/n bases temporarily hold “sticky ends” together 4. Add DNA ligase: creates permanent covalent bonds 5. Reintroduce plasmid to bacteria via transformation 6. I.D. recombinant cells by * Ability to grow in * Inability to digest x-gal(the colonies will be white‚ not blue) X-gal --------------------------------
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substrate fits the shape of the active site‚ the enzyme will alters its shape so the active site embraces the substrate and maintains a firm grip‚ known as induced fit. This allows for great variations of enzymes. Abstract In this experiment‚ my lab partners and I tested how time effects a catalase reaction. The amount of hydrogen peroxide was recorded after the reaction for the certain time given has taken place. We used sulfuric acid to stop the reaction with the catalase from occurring. This
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For Lab 1‚ my partner and I will be demonstrating the law in which connects the period of the pendulum‚ expressed as T‚ to the length of the string‚ expressed a L. The system the lab will be based on will include a pendulum with a weight of W suspended at a fixed point by the string with a variable length of L and an angle theta to be measured using a protractor. The variable T will be measured as the period of time needed for the weight of the pendulum to swing back and forth once. For part 1 of
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The six carbon atoms have le[ as carbon dioxide molecules. What’s leH of Glucose? • All that is preserved are 4 ATP (two from glycolysis and two from the Krebs Cycle) and 12 reduced coenzymes/electron carriers: – 2 NADH from glycolysis
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Analysis of Alum The objective of this lab is to run tests on a compound and analyze the substance itself‚ and then determine whether or not the compound is actually alum. Jill Cline Period 3 November 19‚ 2013 Laurel Hergenroeder and Sarinah Martelli Introduction/Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to run various tests on the substance called alum. (AlK(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O). These tests like the process of filtration heating the solution will reveal things
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Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Problem: We are going to separate and identify pigments and other molecules from cell extracts through a process called chromatography. We will also test the theory that light and chloroplasts are required for light reactions to occur. Background: Pigments are chemical compounds which reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light. This is what makes them seem colorful. Many things contain pigments including flowers‚ corals‚ and even skin. More important than
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Investigating Effects of duration of heating on permeability of beetroot cell membrane Introduction: Cell membranes contain many different types of molecules which have different roles in the overall structure of the membrane. Phospholipids form a bilayer‚ which is the basic structure of the membrane. Their non-polar tails form a barrier to most water soluble substances. Membrane proteins serves as channels for transport of metabolites‚ some act as enzymes or carriers‚ while some are receptors
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Brian Toohey Biology Mrs. Heimforth 12/06/10 Diffuse the Osmosis Section 2: Introduction Step 1: The scientific concept of this lab was to see how osmosis transferred the substance through the cells to reach equilibrium. Step 2: My hypothesis was that the bag with 60% sucrose then it would be heavier than the bag with tap water or 30% sucrose. I thought this because I thought that there would be more of a substance change in 60% sucrose. Section 3: Methods First get 3 pieces of the same
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Biology notes for FST Project *ADD SUMMARIES AT END OF CHAPTERS UNIT 1 Macromolecules * Large molecules sometimes composed of a large number of repeating subunits * Four major classes: Carbohydrates (made of simple sugar/glucose)‚ Lipids (Glycerol and Fatty Acids)‚ Proteins (Amino Acids) and Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides) * Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis: a reaction that creates a covalent bond between two interacting subunits. Removal of H from one functional group
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APBIO5._____________________.FR23 2014 December 3‚ Respond to the following. 1. Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms of how they occur and their implications for future genetic variation in a population. Genetic drift‚ defined as the process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next‚ can increase or decrease variability within particularly small populations. Certain genotype/phenotype frequencies‚ for example‚ may
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