determine plant water potential: 1) amount of solutes- increasing concentrations will lower the free energy (water potential); termed osmotic potential (ψs) 2) turgor pressure (ψp) in plant cell- positive pressure inside plant cells; increases free energy; loss of turgor = wilting 3) surfaces of macromolecules (e.g. cellulose) exerts an attractiveforce on water- matric potential (ψm); lowers the free energy; usually a minor component‚ and often ignored Total water potential of a plant: Ψplant
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on research and development have also become broader each day. Controversies have also emerged and one of the most discussed topics has been directed towards synthetic versus natural colorants. Food pigments are classified based on its origin or source; natural or synthetic. Synthetic food pigments are those substances that are needed to be tested for toxicity and allergenicity before
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Biology Honors Final Exam Review Study Guide A. Intro Unit * Characteristics of life (DR.CHARGE) * DNA * Directs protein synthesis * Reproduce * Divides in mitosis (asexual reproduction) * Cells * Homeostasis * The process by which cells maintain constant internal condition (water‚ temperature) * Adaptation (Evolution) * Respond to stimulus * Growth (Development) * Energy * Heterotroph: an organism that cannot synthesize its own food
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CHAPT 1 - The scientific method allows the solving of problems and answering of questions. Observations Proposing ideas Testing the ideas Discarding or modifying ideas based on results Hypothesis: proposed explanation for a set of observations Hypotheses needs to be: Testable – it must be possible to examine the hypothesis through observations Falsifiable – it must be able to potentially be proven false Both logical and creative influences are used to develop a hypothesis A hypothesis
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decomposer fungi‚ absorb nutrients from nonliving sources * parasitic fungi: absorb nutrients form living sources * mutualistic fungi: both fungus and host organism benefit from relationship (example is mycorrhizal fungus and plant roots) * Mycelium is made up of threads called hyphae. * hyphae may have septate ( cross walls that separate nuclei and cytoplasm into cells) * hyphae may be coenocytic which means lack of such cross walls * Sexual reproduction
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IB Home Standard Level Higher Level Options Additional Resources 8.2 Photosynthesis 8.2.1 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a chloroplast as seen in an electron micrograph 2D Representation 3D Representation Electron Micrograph 8.2.2 State that photosynthesis consists of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions Photosynthesis is a two-step process: 1. The light dependent reactions convert the light energy into chemical energy 2. The light
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APBIO5._____________________.FR23 2014 December 3‚ Respond to the following. 1. Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms of how they occur and their implications for future genetic variation in a population. Genetic drift‚ defined as the process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next‚ can increase or decrease variability within particularly small populations. Certain genotype/phenotype frequencies‚ for example‚ may
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causing the body to not have enough acids in the urine. These factors are all very different‚ but are interconnected because an imbalance in any of these factors can lead to imbalances in other areas as well (Wise‚ 2010). The importance of this lab is to analyze factors that may affect urine concentration‚ pH‚ and rate of production (flow rate) though multiple scenarios over a period of 60 minutes. My hypothesis for the urine analysis experiment is that the urine volumes will increase because
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substrate fits the shape of the active site‚ the enzyme will alters its shape so the active site embraces the substrate and maintains a firm grip‚ known as induced fit. This allows for great variations of enzymes. Abstract In this experiment‚ my lab partners and I tested how time effects a catalase reaction. The amount of hydrogen peroxide was recorded after the reaction for the certain time given has taken place. We used sulfuric acid to stop the reaction with the catalase from occurring. This
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Chapter 20: DNA Technology Biotechnology: Use of living organisms to perform tasks. * Wine & cheese * Selective breeding * Antibiotic production * Recombinant DNA Restriction Enzymes * Bacterial enzymes: cut up foreign DNA * Specific: only but at recognition sequences * Palindromic: cut at the same base sequence on each strand‚ but in the opposite direction * The exposed bases provide “sticky ends” * H-bond to compliment bases of segments cut with same restriction
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